Journal Article Research and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diary Article Research and Analysis - Essay Example Heneman (2002), states that for HR remuneration is the prime source that empowers organizations to draw in and hold gifts, in this manner the pay the board is a basic segment of human asset the board and of the whole association. The significance of compensable variables, for example, information required by position and aptitudes necessities, critical thinking and responsibility (Jones, Steffy and Bray, 1991) are directed by the mind boggling choices that officials should make so as to emphatically affect company’s enlistment and maintenance endeavors and to arrive at hierarchical objectives. In this manner, picking a remuneration methodology is one of the primary human asset choices made by any association. The advancement of such procedure is profoundly significant in light of the fact that it advances representative enlistment, maintenance, inspiration and great execution on account of the arrangement of contributions that an organization makes. Be that as it may, only one out of every odd association repays its representatives or utilizations pay deliberately. While wages and advantages strategies are utilized without strategical expectations, pay rather are meant to improve assurance, decrease em ployees’ turnover and help accomplish focuses inside a foundation (Das and Baruah, 2013). In any case, as expressed by Hong, Hao, Kumar, Ramendran and Kadiresan (2012), remuneration isn't one of the primary factors that sway the employees’ turnover notwithstanding being a basic factor in diminishing administrative turnover. While deciding the compensable components, the designers ought to consider such arrangement decisions as inner arrangement, outer seriousness, worker commitments and the administration of the compensation framework. As inner arrangement manages the compensation connections inside the association, it directs the degree of aptitudes and information that are required, along these lines the remuneration and advantages programs are conceded for the extraordinary arrangement of such abilities. As organizations are confronting extreme seriousness, they should offer candidates such pay bundles that

Top 10 LinkedIn Overused Buzzwords 2012

Top 10 LinkedIn Overused Buzzwords 2012 It’s that season again†¦ the â€Å"Lists† season! The first I’d like to impart to you is the rundown of abused proficient popular expressions from LinkedIn. These words give a pleasant look into what words you may be abusing on your resume also. The most abused words shift by nation; as per LinkedIn, the Swiss brag principally about being â€Å"analytical† while India’s locals advocate for themselves as â€Å"effective† (similarly as they did a year ago); Spaniards guarantee they are â€Å"specialized† while Brazilians pronounce they are â€Å"experimental.† Looking for â€Å"motivated† experts? Attempt Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, United Arab Emirates and the U.K. In the United States, the Top 10 Overused Buzzwords in LinkedIn Profiles are as per the following: 1. Imaginative 2. Hierarchical 3. Compelling (no change from a year ago!) 4. Inspired 5. Broad Experience (the #1 abused popular expression in 2010 and an expression that sets me anxious!) 6. Reputation 7. Creative 8. Mindful (showing up without precedent for LinkedIn’s top 10 rundown) 9. Investigative (likewise recorded just because) 10. Critical thinking The two words that got knocked off the rundown are â€Å"dynamic† and â€Å"communication skills.† Perhaps individuals got the point that such a large number of individuals were professing to be dynamic, and that relational abilities are most suitably shown through genuine correspondence. What might it take for you to scour your LinkedIn profile clean of abused and exaggerated trendy expressions? I gave explicit recommendations to the main three (imaginative, hierarchical and successful) in my 2011 article on most abused LinkedIn popular expressions. Some of the time you truly should be â€Å"creative† to prevail with regards to introducing yourself in an extraordinary manner. The Essay Expert’s scholars can work with you to compose a profile that stands apart from the remainder of the world’s. For subtleties on our administrations see LinkedIn Profile Writing Services. You can likewise get in touch with us through our Web Form. We anticipate giving you that additional edge on LinkedIn! Category:Archived ArticlesBy Brenda BernsteinDecember 10, 2012

What is Tuberculosis

What is Tuberculosis Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that has existed throughout history, going by names such as white plague and phthisis.Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacteria that gets into our bodies through the lungs.Despite commendable medical advancement in diagnosis and treatment, Tuberculosis remains one of the top 10 killer diseases in the world. In 2017, there were over 10 million recorded cases of TB, with 1.6 million people dying from the disease in the same year, according to data from the World Health Organization.Tuberculosis affects both adults and children, with adults being the most likely affected.One in three persons, or about 2 billion people in the world are confirmed to be infected with Tuberculosis bacteria.Out of these 2 billion people, 5-15% have a lifetime risk of falling ill with Tuberculosis disease.Although tuberculosis is present in every country, people from low income areas especially in the developing countries are more susceptible to the disease.This is due to the poor living conditions, crowded housing, poor health and poverty.The highest number of infections usually occur in the western pacific regions and south Asia, accounting for about 62% of new cases followed by Africa, which accounts for about 25% of new cases.People living with HIV are highly vulnerable and are 20-30 times more likely to be infected with the active tuberculosis owing to their weakened immune system.People with other conditions that impair the immune system are also at a high risk of being infected with active TB.These conditions can range from addiction to substances like alcohol and cigarettes to diseases like diabetes mellitus, silicosis and chronic lung disease.Medications such as corticosteroids and infliximab have also been reported to increase the risk of getting infected with TB, especially in developing countries.As I mentioned in the beginning, there has been commendable medical advancement in diagnosis and treatment of TB, but more needs to be done to combat the disease.The World Health Organization has set a target of reducing the TB incidence rate by 90% and the number of TB-related deaths by 95% by the year 2035, as outlined in its ‘End TB Strategy’WHAT CAUSES TUBERCULOSIS? TB is an airborne infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).TB can affect any part of the body but it most commonly affects the lungs.The bacteria that causes TB is released into the air through tiny droplets whenever an infected person coughs, spits, shouts, or sneezes.Infection occurs when someone inhales these droplets.The bacteria passes through the mouth or nasal cavities to the respiratory tract and finally to the alveoli of the lungs.Once in the alveoli, they start replicating.It takes about six weeks for a small infection to appear which rarely gives any symptoms.This is what is referred to as the primary infection.Afterwards, the bacteria is   carried by the lymphatic system from the lungs which is the primary s ite of infection, lymph nodes, kidneys, epiphyses of the long bones, and other areas of the body.If one has a healthy immune system, the infection will remain dormant up until when the immune system becomes compromised.If one has a weak Immune system the infection will progress into an active TB disease.There are a number of risk factors that makes people more susceptible to TB.Number one on the list is HIV. HIV weakens the immune system, giving an opportunity for the TB bacteria to multiply in the body. About 300,000 people died as a result of HIV-associated TB in 2017.Living in overcrowded areas also puts one at a higher risk of being infected with TB. This is due to the congestion and poor aeration.Malnutrition is another risk factor.People suffering from malnutrition have low immunity and are therefore susceptible to contracting tuberculosis because their immune systems cannot fight the TB bacteria.Other factors that increase the risk of contracting TB include substance abuse, p re-existence of diseases such as chronic lung disease, cancer, severe kidney disease and diabetes mellitus.Babies and young children are also at high risk of contracting TB as their immune systems are weak and have not fully matured.SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF TUBERCULOSISThere are two kinds of TB; Latent TB and Active TB. With Latent TB, the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains in an inactive state in the body.It does not cause any symptoms, and the infected person will not even know that they are infected.However, if the person is tested for TB, the test results will show that the person is infected. TB is not transmittable in this state but can become active whenever the immune system is compromised.Active TB, on the other hand, means that one has the disease (TB) and is able to spread it to other people.It might occurs in the first few weeks after being infected with the bacteria or it can occur years later.TB can affect other parts of the body as well and when it occurs outsid e the lungs (extra pulmonary). In this case, the signs and symptoms vary depending on the affected part.However, TB commonly occurs in the lungs (pulmonary).The main symptoms of pulmonary TB are;A persistent cough that lasts for more than three weeks or moreCoughing up blood or sputum.Other signs and symptoms associated with pulmonary TB include;Pain in the chest or pain with breathing or coughingUnintentional Weight lossConsistent FeversNight sweatsLoss of appetiteWeakness and fatigueChillsDifficulty in breathingRales (abnormal lung sounds during breathing)In 15-20% of all active TB cases, the infection occurs outside the lungs causing other kinds of TB collectively known as extra pulmonary Tuberculosis.Extra pulmonary TB mainly occurs when those with latent TB develop a weaker immune system and the inactive TB becomes active.Children also can develop extra pulmonary TB.The most common forms of extra pulmonary TB include;Pleural TB â€" it affects the thin skin surrounding the lungs referred to as the pleural membrane.TB of the central nervous system â€" it affects the brain and the spinal cord. When the TB bacteria affects both the brain and the spinal cord, it causes TB meningitis. Patients experience drowsiness, have deferred reactions, have difficulty moving their limbs, speaking or focusing their eyes.TB of the bones and joints â€" it affects the bones and joints. It causes pain and swelling in the affected area. Most people suffering from this kind of TB usually relate it to accident or injury and never to TB.TB in the lymph nodes it affects the mostly the lymph nodes in the neck and clavicles, which then swell and infect the surrounding skin.Abdominal TB it affects the abdominal cavity which contains organs like the liver, spleen and the bowels.Genitourinary TB it affects the kidneys, bladder and the urinary tract.Normally when a person develops active TB, the common symptoms (cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss etc.) may be mild for many months.Thi s can cause the infected person to delay in seeking medical care which in turn results in the transmission of the bacteria to others.People suffering from TB can infect up to 10-15 other people through close contact over the course of a year. Without proper treatment up to two thirds of people suffering from TB will die.It is therefore important to seek medical advice if you notice any of the symptoms mentioned above.DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSISSkin TestIf a patient shows any of the symptoms associated with TB, doctors will carry out some tests to confirm whether the person is infected. The most common diagnosis of TB is through a skin test.While this test is used to find out whether TB is present in one’s body or not, it should not be used as the only means of diagnosis as interpreting a positive or negative skin test can be difficult.The test is usually done to diagnose latent TB. A small extract of the TB bacterium known as PPD tuberculin is injected into the skin just below the i nside forearm.The injection site is then checked after 2-3 days, and, if a hard, red bump has swollen up to a specific size, then it is likely that TB is present.Skin testing for TB among infants is done during regular checkups. Infants are usually screened at one year, while children are screened at the age of five.Diagnosis Through Chest X-RayA chest x-ray may be conducted to view the status of a patient’s lungs.If the person has active TB, the x-ray results will show damaged lungs.The x-ray results together with pulmonary symptoms presented by the patient can be used to make a diagnosis.Unfortunately, other medical conditions such as lung cancer mimic symptoms similar to TB and the x-ray result may also show damaged lungs.Other tests might therefore be required to ensure a correct diagnosis of TB. X-rays together with CT Scans can also be used to diagnose TB affecting the bones and the jointsDiagnosis Through Sputum TestsIn this test, a sputum sample is examined under a microsc ope for bacteria that causes TB.In some instances, the sputum may also be cultured to see if there are TB bacteria present.However, this it may take up to six to eight weeks for a sputum culture to yield definite results.In areas experiencing an outbreak of the disease, diagnosis can be done on the basis of a positive sputum smear alone.Any patient with symptoms indicating TB who has a positive sputum smear should be started on anti-TB therapy, even if a culture is going to be done.Diagnosing extra pulmonary TB can be difficult. Samples from the affected parts are drawn and tested for TB bacteria.In the case of TB meningitis, a medical doctor must perform a lumbar puncture â€" this requires inserting a needle into the back in order to access the fluid surrounding the spinal cord.This fluid is in turn used to check for TB bacteria. The same applies for Pleural TB. A sample of fluid is drawn from the space between the pleural layers using a needle.Diagnosing Multi-Drug Resistant TB (M DR-TB) can be very difficult and expensive.Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis occurs when the TB bacteria become resistant to both isoniazid and rifampicin, the 2 most powerful, first-line anti-TB drugs.MDR-TB is still curable, although it requires the use of second-line drugs.However, second-line drugs are usually expensive and toxic.The diagnosis of TB among children can also be very difficult especially in instances where a sputum is required, since they might have trouble producing sputum.TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSISTB is a treatable and curable disease.People suffering from TB are usually given anti-TB drugs which effectively help in fighting and killing the TB bacteria.Treatment of drug-sensitive TB is divided into a two-month intensive phase of treatment comprised of taking daily dosages of rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide (PZN) and ethambutol (EMB) followed by a four-month continuation phase consisting of rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH).95% people who are prop erly treated for TB get cured.The main reason why the remaining 5% do not get cured is because they did not take the medicines as prescribed and therefore risk the possibility of the TB becoming drug resistant.Drugs administered to TB patients are also supposed to stop them from spreading the disease.The patient is also usually advised to stay at home until the infection period is over.In some cases, hospitalization may also be recommended to prevent the spread of the TB bacteria at least until the infection period is over.This is normally two to four weeks after the commencement of treatment.It is strongly advised to continue with the treatment even when there are no symptoms as earlier on before treatment began.Failure to do so might result in the TB bacteria re-growing and becoming resistant to the drugs. When the treatment is over, after six months, the TB bacteria is said to be eliminated.Sometimes, treatment for TB may come with side effects and complications.Although anti-TB drugs are relatively safe, some may be toxic to some people.Complications include drug resistance by certain TB strains and relapse of the disease. Minor side effects which one should not worry about and can continue taking the drugs include;Rifampin can make one to become more sensitive to the sunRifampin can result in a brownish coloration in saliva, tears and urine. It may also result in a brownish stain on contact lenses.If one is taking rifampin and methadone (to treat drug addiction), the methadone dosage may need adjustment as one may experience withdrawal symptoms.Rifampin can also reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills and implants. It is advised to use other birth control methods while taking rifampin.In some cases, TB treatment may have adverse side effects, in which case you should immediately notify your doctor.Some of these symptoms include:VomitingNauseaLack of appetiteYellowish skin or eyesConsistent fever for three or more daysTingling fingers or toesSkin r ashEasy bleedingAbdominal painsTingling or numbness around the mouthAching jointsDizzinessBlurred visionRinging in the earsEasy bruisingPatients need to be closely monitored in case of severe adverse reactions to the medication.There are also patients who might skip their medication after initiation.To avoid this, it is highly recommended for the patient to have a support system to ensure they do not skip the medication, since this might lead to drug resistance.TB treatment typically lasts about six months, though longer treatment is suggested in cases of TB meningitis and TB affecting the bones and joints.Treatment of Drug Resistant TBResistance can be either mono-resistance or multi-resistance.With mono-resistance, the TB might be rifampicin-resistant or isoniazid-resistance.Multi-resistance is resistance of both Rifampicin and Isoniazid. People with Multi-Drug Resistant TB require advanced specialized treatment which is not as effective as the usual anti-TB drugs and most times c ause severe side effects.MDR-TB is more expensive to treat and cure than Drug-sensitive TB.The success rate of curing MDR-TB is very low. People infected with MDR-TB will most certainly infect others with the same strain of TB.Drug resistance is most common in people who:Do not take their medications as prescribed by the doctorDo not take their medicationDevelop TB again even after previously undergoing TB treatmentLive in areas with a high rate of Drug Resistant TB. These places include Haiti, South East Asia, Philippines and Latin AmericaDirectly Observed Treatment (DOTS)This is a strategy used by primary health services to detect and cure TB patients. DOTS combines five elements: microscopy services, drug supplies, monitoring systems, political commitment, and direct observation of treatment.The biggest challenge of curing TB patients is failure of the patient to complete treatment.With the DOTS system, the patient is closely monitored by a community worker who ensures that the p atient takes the medication as prescribed.The health system of that particular community is thus responsible for achieving a cure.With DOTS system, resources are first directed towards identifying those who are infected through sputum tests. The sputum usually test positive for persons with active TB.After identification, the health community workers counsel, observe and record patients taking the correct dosage for the duration stipulated in treatment of TB.In most cases, patients usually start to feel better after a few weeks of treatment and they may be tempted to stop taking their medication. The community health worker ensures that this does not happen.DOTS system produces success cure rates of up to 85 percent even in the poorest countries, and helps prevent new infections and the development of MDR-TB.The World Bank rates DOTS as one of the most cost-effective health interventions.Treatment of Tuberculosis Through SurgerySurgery is likely to be used in cases of extra pulmonar y TB.Here the surgery is done to obtain sample tissues for biopsies and also to relieve the patient of pain and complications brought about by the disease.PREVENTION OF TUBERCULOSISOwing to the high number of deaths that result from TB, preventive measures have been put in place to help eradicate this disease.TB prevention depends primarily on the vaccination of infants and the early detection and treatment of active cases.Many countries use Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) as part of their TB prevention program.BCG reduces the risk of getting infected by 20% in children and reduces the risk of developing active TB by almost 60%. It is the most widely used vaccination with 90% of children in the world being vaccinated.TB EducationWith knowledge comes great power. Educating people suffering from TB is a powerful instrument in combating the occurrence of TB.They should know how to take their drugs properly to reduce risks of developing drug resistant TB and also minimize the risk of sp reading it to other people.They also need to be educated on how not to spread it to other people. This includes cough etiquettes, covering ones mouth while sneezing, or wearing a mask in public places. They need to know when to seek treatment.The general public also needs to be educated on TB prevention to help prevent the stigmatization of TB patients.People should also be educated on ways to maintain and boost their immune systems to prevent dormant TB infection from becoming active.Other preventive measures include preventing people with latent TB from developing active TB, TB treatment as a preventive measure to reduce the risks of the TB bacteria from spreading, as well as avoiding living in overcrowded places without proper aeration.WRAPPING UPWhile TB is a preventable and curable disease, it can easily result in death if treatment is not started enough, or if the patient fails to follow the proper treatment guidelines.If you start experiencing any of the symptoms associated w ith TB, you should seek immediate medical attention to ensure that it is diagnosed early.If diagnosed with the disease, you should follow the doctor’s guidelines to the letter.Don’t stop taking the medication even when you start feeling better, since this might result in the bacteria becoming resistant to drugs and therefore harder to treat.

Operations Management of Ladbrokes Plc - 3988 Words

Introduction Ladbrokes plc is one of the leading bookmakers in the high street in UK. It was established in 1886. Currently Ladbrokes plc operating with over 2200 branches across the UK and also operates in Ireland, Belgium and Spain. In this assignment we are focusing on the operational activities of the Ladbrokes plc. Task 1 a) The role of operations management The operations management can be defined as the systematic processes which convert inputs in to finished goods or service by adding the value. The operations management is very important in modern days as the competitiveness among the businesses very high. Therefore most of the organizations do have a special functional unit for manage the operational activities of†¦show more content†¦* Create competitive pricing and trading management to improve product range and optimise margin. The betting industry in UK is dominated by few companies in the market. The competition among them is very high in order to gain new customers and to retain the existing customers. Therefore to implement best strategy to achieve their strategic objectives the company need to have knowledge of its environment. In order to analyse the business environment the following tools can be used. * SWOT Analysis * Porter’s five forces analysis SWOT Analysis of Ladbrokes plc This analysis will help to identify the internal environment against the external environment. The internal environment analysis identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the company and the external environment identifies the opportunities and threats to the company. According to the Ladbrokes plc internal environment analysis the following strengths and weaknesses can be highlighted. Strengths * Brand image * Advance technology * Low operational cost compared to its rivals as call center tasks allocated to some retail shops. * Use of the loyalty card * Quality of the customer service Weaknesses * High labour turnover. * Lack of modern gambling machine to attract new customers. * Limitations of offers available to the customers. The external environment of Ladbrokes plc highlighted the following opportunities andShow MoreRelatedWilliam Hill s Biggest Competitor1970 Words   |  8 Pageson the financial data, indicate that William Hill is a company worth investing for those who are conservative investor and who are able to take a risk in order to achieve higher return from investment. Introduction The chosen company William Hill PLC is one of the best known brand in the world. It was originally created by William Hill in 1934, and it has been playing an important role in the development of the UK’s market for gaming and betting services. During all these years, it has built anRead MoreSwot Analysis Report1228 Words   |  5 PagesSince 1994 Hilton acquired all of Bally Entertainment, making the largest gaming company in the world. In 1997 they founded an alliance with Ladbroke Group PLC in (now Hilton Group, owner of Hilton International and the rights to the Hilton name outside the US) to unify the Hilton brand worldwide. With a downturn in the gaming industry translating into sluggish results in Hilton’s gaming segment, the company spun off its gaming interests as Park Place Entertainment. In 1999 Hilton made a massiveRead MorePaddy Power Essay8261 Words   |  34 Pages.................................... 15 Online Marketing Group:....................................................................................................... 16 Online Operations: .................................................................................................................. 16 Operations .................................................................................................................................... 17 Licensed Betting Shops: ..................Read MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pageson the Companion Website. These are a selection of cases from recent editions of the book which remain relevant for teaching. The case studies are intended to serve as a basis for class discussion and not as an illustration of either good or bad management practice. They are not intended to be a comprehensive collection of teaching material. They have been chosen (or speciï ¬ cally written) to provide readers with a core of cases which, together, cover most of the main issues in the text. As such, they

Increased Rates of Teen Pregnancy among Minorities

Increased rates of teen pregnancy among minorities The incidence of teen births in the United States has reached a historic all time low throughout the last couple of years but teen girls are still giving birth to 1700 babies a week. However, minorities are still amongst the highest group of teenagers having children among the age group between 15 and 19 years of age. The highest ethnic groups were comprised of Hispanics and Non-Hispanic blacks making up 57% of all US teen births in 2011, according to a study done by the CDC in 2011. American Indians and Alaskan Natives had the third highest birth rates at about 36 births per 1000 females. The smallest occurrence of teen births per 1000 came from the Asian/Pacific Islander population. However, the continuously low population group with teen pregnancies involved White individuals so the question remains, why are most minority groups more likely to give birth within their teenage years? Research shows that about 80 percent of all the t eenagers between the age group of 15-17 had no formal sexual education before their first sexual experience. Regardless of their ethnicity, all students can be affected by the lack of sexual education at their respected school. Interestingly enough, President Obama has recently cut the budget for abstinence only sex education. However, this was done because current research indicates that abstinence only programs do not prevent or delay teen sex. Many teens say that their schools tend to useShow MoreRelatedAdverse Health Effects of Adolescent Pregnancy Essays1451 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescent pregnancy is a very important health issue worldwide. When adolescents who, are often physically and mentally unprepared to bear a child are become mothers it has astoundingly negative outcomes for the mother. Including bad personal outcomes adolescent mothers often give birth to children with increased health issues when compared to a healthy adult mothers. Because of the negative outcomes associated with adolescent pregnancy, the issue should be addressed worldwide. Adolescent mothersRead MoreTeenage Moms That Are Still In High School Get Pregnant1391 Words   |  6 Pagestheir child. There were just under a quarter million pregnancies in women ages fifteen to nineteen in 2014. About eighty-five percent of these pregnancies are unplanned, which in any population can increase the risk for problems. The biggest risk for teen mothers is delaying prenatal care or worse, about seven percent received no care at all. According to CDC, In 2014, almost 250,000 babies were born to women aged 15–19 years, for a birth rate of 24.2 per 1,000 women in this age group. This is anotherRead MoreThe Teenage Epidemic Of Texas756 Words   |  4 Pagesmovements: a 20-year period of high rates of pregnancy involving teenagers, and a more recent surge in limiting reproductive health care access through state legislative actions over the past 5 years. Texas has the third highest number of unplanned pregnancies in the United States. Most of these unintended pregnancies are greatly concentrated among unmarried teenagers from low socioeconomic areas. In 2014, there were 35,000 teen pregnancies in Texas for a rate of 73 per a thousand women ages 15-19Read MoreTeen Pregnancy Is Associated With Negative Consequences For Both Adolescents Essay1181 Words   |  5 Pages10/19/2015 Teen Pregnancy Teen pregnancy is associated with negative consequences for both adolescents, and, when pregnancy is carried to term, their children. The great majority of teen pregnancies (82 percent in 2006) are unintended. In 2006, approximately 37 percent of unintended pregnancies to teens ages 15-19 ended in abortion, and almost 60 percent ended in a live birth. Overall, as of 2010, 26 percent of teen pregnancies end in abortion. Even after accounting for the fact that teen mothers tendRead MoreThe Issue Of Sex Education1613 Words   |  7 Pagesargue why students in the United States need a more comprehensive sex education class in their curriculums in school for the following reasons: higher rates of pregnancy in teenagers, higher rates of contracting sexually transmitted diseases, and the negative aspects of the aftermath of teenage childbirth. My first area of discussion is teenage pregnancy due to inadequate sex education programs in school. We can safely assume there aren’t any human beings ages 12 to 17 in this world who are ready, mentallyRead More The Increase of Teenage Pregnancy Essay example1337 Words   |  6 PagesThe Increase of Teenage Pregnancy Teenage parenthood is by no means a new social phenomenon. Historically, women have tended to begin childbearing during their teens and early twenties. During the past two decades the U. S. teenage birthrate has actually declined (Polit and others, 1982). In the late 1950s, 90 out of 1000 women under 20 gave birth as compared with 52 out of 1000 in 1978. Several factors contribute to the current attention focused on teenage pregnancy and parenthood. ThereRead MoreLow Income Black And Hispanic Adolescent Females Essay1532 Words   |  7 Pagesunplanned pregnancy. Increased utilization of dual contraception is of great importance in these communities. Adolescent females in general are less likely to use dual forms of protection from STD’s and unplanned pregnancy. Young women, due to their anatomy tend to be more susceptible to STD’s than are young men. Black and Hispanic females are 4.9x and 2.1x, respectively, more likely to contract chlamydia (which is a common STD) than their white counterparts. When it comes to pregnancy 3 in 10 adolescentRead MoreThe Rates Of Teen Pregnancy Essay3072 Words   |  13 PagesINTRODUCTION Throughout the United States, rates of teen pregnancy are significantly high. In 2013, there were 26.5 births for every 1,000 adolescent females ages 15-19, or 273,105 babies born to females in this age group.1 Young, minority women between the ages of 15 and 24 appear to be at greater risk for becoming pregnant. Minority populations are also linked with low socioeconomic status, whether in terms of education or income, or both. Having low income and lower levels of education (the mostRead MoreThe Issue Of Teen Pregnancy1722 Words   |  7 Pagesbroken many barriers and achieved great accomplishments, there are still some deep rooted issues which continue to affect her in a most insidious manner. One of the issues that women face in the United States is teen pregnancy which is still an enormous problem that needs to be addressed. The rates are still higher than they were only a decade ago. Becoming a parent permanently and profoundly alters a teenager s life. Most of the girls forg et about their dreams of happy marriage, and become mothers atRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Rates And The United States3104 Words   |  13 PagesEven though teenage pregnancy rates have decreased in the U.S. in recent years, the rates are far behind European countries. Studies have shown that U.S. teenagers have (a) high rates of sexual intercourse at a younger age, (b) high rates of sex without contraceptives, (c) high rates of pregnancy, (d) and high number of multiple sex partners in comparison to European countries like Sweden, France, Netherland (Bell, 2009). One of the main reasons for high rates of teenage pregnancy in the U.S. is the

We Are Blessed to Have Trees Plants Free Essays

This poem is written by Ruskin Bond. In this poem the poet shares the thoughts of his grandmother who was of the opinion that the house that has trees around is blessed. For this purpose the poet planted a tree which is six months old and is growing fast. We will write a custom essay sample on We Are Blessed to Have Trees Plants or any similar topic only for you Order Now He believes that in six years time the tree would grow and give shade so that his house will also be blessed. I think the world and its inhabitants are blessed to have trees and plants. Trees are important, valuable and necessary to our very existence. It’s not too hard to believe that, without trees we humans would not exist on this beautiful planet. In fact, some claim can be made that our mother’s and father’s ancestors climbed trees – another debate for another site. Still, trees are essential to life as we know it and are the ground troops on an environmental frontline. Our existing forest and the trees we plant work in tandem to make a better world. Below are the reasons why trees are important for us. Trees Produce Oxygen Let’s face it; we could not exist as we do if there were no trees. A mature leafy tree produces as much oxygen in a season as 10 people inhale in a year. What many people don’t realize is the forest also acts as a giant filter that cleans the air we breathe. Trees Clean the Soil The term phytoremediation is a fancy word for the absorption of dangerous chemicals and other pollutants that have entered the soil. Trees can either store harmful pollutants or actually change the pollutant into less harmful forms. Trees filter sewage and farm chemicals, reduce the effects of animal wastes, clean roadside spills and clean water runoff into streams. Trees Control Noise Pollution Trees muffle urban noise almost as effectively as stone walls. Trees, planted at strategic points in a neighborhood or around your house, can abate major noises from freeways and airports. Trees Slow Storm Water Runoff Flash flooding can be dramatically reduced by a forest or by planting trees. One Colorado blue spruce, either planted or growing wild, can intercept more than 1000 gallons of water annually when fully grown. Underground water-holding aquifers are recharged with this slowing down of water runoff. Trees Are Carbon Sinks To produce its food, a tree absorbs and locks away carbon dioxide in the wood, roots and leaves. Carbon dioxide is a global warming suspect. A forest is a carbon storage area or a â€Å"sink† that can lock up as much carbon as it produces. This locking-up process â€Å"stores† carbon as wood and not as an available â€Å"greenhouse† gas. Trees Clean the Air Trees help cleanse the air by intercepting airborne particles, reducing heat, and absorbing such pollutants as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. Trees remove this air pollution by lowering air temperature, through respiration, and by retaining particulates. Trees Shade and Cool Shade resulting in cooling is what a tree is best known for. Shade from trees reduces the need for air conditioning in summer. In winter, trees break the force of winter winds, lowering heating costs. Studies have shown that parts of cities without cooling shade from trees can literally be â€Å"heat islands† with temperatures as much as 12 degrees Fahrenheit higher than surrounding areas. Trees Act as Windbreaks During windy and cold seasons, trees located on the windward side act as windbreaks. A windbreak can lower home heating bills up to 30% and have a significant effect on reducing snow drifts. A reduction in wind can also reduce the drying effect on soil and vegetation behind the windbreak and help keep precious topsoil in place. Trees Fight Soil Erosion Erosion control has always started with tree and grass planting projects. Tree roots bind the soil and their leaves break the force of wind and rain on soil. Trees fight soil erosion, conserve rainwater and reduce water runoff and sediment deposit after storms. How to cite We Are Blessed to Have Trees Plants, Essay examples

Marcel Duchamps invention of the readymade

Marcel Duchamp is a French artist born in the Haute-Normandie region of France in the year 1887. He is described as a both revolutionary and avante garde artist because of his invention of readymade art in 1915 and also because his works were often associated with Surrealist movements. Duchamp’s readymade art influenced the art movement during the post World War I period.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marcel Duchamp’s invention of ‘the readymade’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He invented challenged the conventional line of thinking that was used during art processes and the creation of art marketing by using subversive actions like when he called a urinal a fountain. In his invention of readymade art, Duchamp based his artwork on the belief that creative art was not made from the perspective of the artist but from the point of view of the spectator who has the ability to provide a link between the work and the external world (Masheck 1). Duchamp’s early works were mostly focused on post-impressionist styles where he experimented on classical techniques of art work and art processes. One of his first paintings that included post impressionism was the Coffee Mill painting which he drew in 1911. During the same year he also developed the Portrait of Chess Players which included his two brothers Raymond Duchamp and Jacques Villon where the art style was mostly Cubism because of the multiple perspectives of the two chess players and also because of the overlapping frames of the portrait. Other works produced by Duchamp that were heavily post impressionist art forms included the Nude Descending Staircase which he did in 1912, the Thicket which he produced in 1911, Young Man and Girl in Spring which he also produced in 1911 and Yvonne and Magdeleine Torn. All these paintings had a heavy influence of both Cubist and Favism styles of painting which were predomi nantly viewed as post impressionist styles (Masheck 3). Duchamp created readymade art objects in 1913 with his first invention being the Wheel of a Bicycle which was basically an inverted bicycle that was installed on a stool. The term readymade was not however coined until 1915 and it referred to prefabricated art forms and objects that were isolated from their functional purpose and settings where the objects were instead given an elevated status by the artist. Duchamp’s readymade art forms became a product of mass production as readymade art presented the message on its own without any form of mediation and assistance. Duchamp got his idea for readymade art from the clothing industry in New York that was mostly focused on the mass production of clothes that were unique and stylish (Gale 1).Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Duchamp’s vision for readymade art was mostly focuse d on producing art forms that had an aesthetic value as well as producing art objects that questioned the meaning of art itself. According to the Duchamp, the decision made by an artist to make readymade art should be governed by the artist’s indifference to the art form rather than the beauty of the object. The developments in both Futurism and Cubism greatly influenced Duchamp’s readymade works together with the poetry works of the great poet Guillame Apollinaire. His first readymade works included the Bottle Rack which he produced in 1914. The next readymade art form produced by Duchamp was done in 1915 which was the Prelude to a Broken Arm which was basically a snow shovel. His most recognisable readymade art object was the Fountain which was basically a urinal that had slight physical interventions like the pseudonym R. Mutt. The Fountain was described as the most influential piece of art work in the 20th century because of its boldness and provocativeness (Gale 2 ). The Fountain also revolutionised 20th century art work more than any other piece of work produced during the same period. Other readymade art forms produced by Duchamp included his 1920 reproduction of the Mona Lisa portrait by Leonardo da Vinci where he included a moustache and a beard in his reproduction. This led to his coining of the portrait as a rectified readymade piece of art work. In his inventions of readymade art forms, Duchamp continued to emphasize that the selection of readymade art should never be based on the perspective of the artist but on the artist’s reaction to visual indifferences that are presented in the art object (Mattick 124). Duchamp’s invention of readymade art reduced the dominance of paintings and sculptures during the 20th century where they became the most autonomous pieces of artistic art forms during the 1960s and 80s. Readymade art later revolutionised to become industrially produced art objects that achieved the status of art as a result of presentation and selection by the artists. Duchamp’s invention of readymade art was mostly based on designs of pieces of art that he viewed to be art by definition. His readymade art works were therefore based on designs that were made by others which meant that he was not the original designer of the art forms (Elger and Grosenick 80).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marcel Duchamp’s invention of ‘the readymade’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More His approach to producing readymade art was mostly focused on assuming that any art object can be equipped with physical attributes and characteristics that can be used to elevate the status of the art form. He believed that an art object was defined by its context which was then used to perceive the various environments in which the art object would fit in. Duchamp’s pioneering work on readymade art helped to shape the work of contemporary artists such as Jeff Koons, Damien Hirst, Joseph Cornell, Tony Cragg and Robert Rauschenberg and Michael Martin. Contemporary artists such as Robert Rauschenberg and Damien Hirst utilised Duchamp’s preference for artistic ideas rather than visual effects in their works during the 1950s. Rauschenberg went on to produce art work that was focused on non-traditional materials which gave rise to Combines abstract expressionism. Some of his most common art forms included the canyon which he produced in 1959 and the Riding Bikes sculpture which he made in 1998 (Bossy et al 154). Damien Hirst on the other hand focused on the use of dead animals that were preserved to create artistic sculptures such as the Golden Calf, which was a cow that had its horns and hooves emersed in 18-carat gold and the Physical Impossibility of Death which involved a sculpture of a tiger shark that was preserved in formaldehyde. During the 1970s and 1980s, readymade art featured heavily in c onceptual art works as well as Arte Povera art forms. Contemporary artists who incorporated Duchamp’s readymade art perspective in their work during this time included Tony Cragg and Joseph Cornell. Tony Cragg incorporated the use of discarded construction materials and other siposed materials to create sculptures such as the Britian Seen from the North and Terris Novalis which he created in 1981. The 1980s marked the emergence of commodity art sculptures where mass produced art forms were placed in galleries and presented as sculptures. One of the artists who created commodity art sculptures during the 80s included Jeff Koons who is an American artist well known for his reproduction of banal objects. Koons produced the Two Ball 50/50 tank commodity sculpture in 1985 also known as the Equilibrium Series. The sculpture which had an influence from the work of Damien Hirst was made of two basketballs that were floating in a distilled water tank and it demonstrated the readymade aspect of commodity art sculptures. His other sculptured art forms included the Statuary which was composed of a large stainless steel blow-up of various toys and the Banality Series that was made up of a series of three life-size statues of Michael Jackson and his pet chimpanzee, Bubbles that were plated with gold (Bossy et al vi)Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Joseph Cornell was another contemporary artist in the 70s who incorporated Duchamp’s readymade art in his art sculptures. Cornell is well known for his artistic forms that incorporated aspects of assemblage and collage where he created art forms from found objects. These found objects were usually boxes that he used to assemble several collections of photographs in both a surrealist and constructive way. An example of his assembled art work is the Medici Slot Machine that had an interactive design to it which was meant to encourage the audience to handle the sculpture. His other assembled art forms that borrowed from Duchamp’s readymade art included the Soap Bubble Sets, the Space Object Boxes and the Pink Palace Series (Bossy et al vi). Another contemporary artist who still utilises Marcel Duchamp’s readymade artistic inventions and techniques is Michael Craig-Martin. He involved detached conceptualism in his sculptures that were made of commonly used household objects and other materials to create artistic art structures that were based on multimedia objects. In the year 1970, he came up with one of his most famous works that incorporated the use of four buckets made of metal that had been suspended on a table. This sculpture demonstrated the effect that conceptualism and minimalism had on Martin which later saw him producing another sculpture in 1973 known as An Oak Tree. This sculpture was made up of an ordinary glass of water that was placed on a plain shelf to demonstrate his superiority over the object in the sculpture itself. This line of thinking led to the development and formation of conceptual art that would revolutionise commodity art sculptures in the 20th century (Bossy et al vi). Duchamp’s readymade inventions and art forms paved the way for many of the above mentioned contemporary artists and other modern artists who involved the use of various objects both animate and inanimate. His readymade art has advanced the g eneral view of artistic objects by changing the process of how art forms and objects are created. Duchamp shaped the creation of artistic forms by exposing the nominalist character of pictorial events that led to Dadaism or Dada works which was a major movement that helped to form the artistic expressions of various contemporary and modern artists. Duchamp’s readymade inventions also helped to shape the avante garde artistic movement in the 19th century which was mostly concerned with expressing the view of the object rather than the view of the artist. Works Cited Bossy, Michael-Andre, Thomas, Brothers and John, McEnroe. Lives and legacies: an  encyclopedia of people who changed the world. Westport, Connecticut: The Oryx Press, 2001. Print. Elger, Dietmar and Grosenick, Uta. Dadaism. Berlin, Germany: Taschen, 2004. Print Gale, Matthew. Readymade. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2009. Print. Masheck, Joseph. Marcel Duchamp in perspective. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da C apo Press, 2002. Print. Mattick, Paul. Art in its time: theories and practices of modern aesthetics. London: Routledge, 2003. Print. This essay on Marcel Duchamp’s invention of ‘the readymade’ was written and submitted by user Amanda Mcgee to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Write a Speech

How to Write a Speech How to Write a Speech When it comes to public speaking – in the student’s case, giving a speech to a classroom of their peers and their instructor – one’s success lies in preparation. Which means that delivering a good speech ultimately depends on the writing a  speech. After all, a speech is like a spoken essay. Some people are natural-born public speakers who can entertain an entire room without a second of planning; however, the student in higher education who is to give a speech (who is also most likely a novice public speaker) should follow these 10 speech writing steps. 10 Speech Writing Steps 1. Plan the speech according to the occasion. The student required to give a speech will probably be speaking in an academic setting, where a serious, informative or persuasive tone will serve them best. Most times, the student will be given a time limit, which should be strictly followed. 2. Recognize the theme/message or purpose of the speech. This will help the student identify which direction they are going to take in the writing/planning/researching of the speech, helping them develop a sort of formula to achieve that purpose. 3. Be creative with the speech’s introduction. Once the student knows what they are going to say, they should consider a brief, interesting way to get their audience’s attention – whether with a joke, an interesting anecdote, famous quote, even a thought-provoking question. 4. Learn how to write a speech outline. This helps the student visualize all the points they need to cover in their speech. 5. Expand on the points in the speech outline. If they’re given a speech in a persuasive manner, they will need a solid thesis statement defended by strong evidence to support their argument. If giving an informative speech for an assignment, the student should incorporate solid, research-based information. In either case, the student must center their speech on the theme, issue, or subject they are discussing, arguing, or analyzing. 6. Incorporate transitional phrases to cover various points. Words like â€Å"First of all,† â€Å"Secondly,† â€Å"Next,† and â€Å"Lastly† help the speaker better transition from point to point, for their own sake and the audience. 7. Don’t forget about the conclusion. Just like with an essay or written assignment, a proper conclusion allows the speaker to tie in all the points of their speech, leaving the audience with a comprehensive understanding of what they just discussed. 8. Write the speech out in full, in essay form. Include the introduction, the points to be covered, as well as transitional phrases, and a conclusion – and then evaluate its effectiveness. Edit if needed. Writing more than one draft helps the student add or remove pertinent information. 9. Ask a friend to revise the written speech; revise the draft based on their feedback. Once the student feels their written speech is nearly completed, seeking the help of another person is beneficial. They will see things the writer may not notice, which will ultimately improve the speech. 10. Read the speech aloud. Before the student rehearses their speech first for familiarization, then memorization, they should read the speech aloud to compare how it sounds with how it reads; this could be the difference in an awkward, boring speech or one that is interesting and gets a higher grade. Read also: How to Write a Persuasive Essay | How to Write an Argumentative Essay In case you are working on a speech, and are having difficulties with it, would be happy to assist. Feel free to contact our writers and they will help you to work through the assignment. Our staff will assign writers with suitable backgrounds and adequate experience. This will result in a paper that is properly written and formatted, with thorough background research and a solid literature base.  Feel free to contact us anytime. Place an order to get your individual discount now.

Whens the last time you were bored Maybe its been too long.

Whens the last time you were bored Maybe its been too long. â€Å"I’m boooorrrrrrrrrrred!† Early on a Saturday evening, I admitted to a friend that I had watched a Netflix movie the night before and was likely going to watch another one that night. For many people, watching videos two nights in a row would not be a remarkable occurrence. But for me, it was an anomaly- a rare sign of boredom. â€Å"I don’t think I’ve ever heard you say that before,† said my friend. Indeed, it is not unusual for me to go a month without finding a single 2-hour block of time to sit and watch a video. What did it mean that I had two such blocks of time to fill in one weekend? Had I failed in some way by not scheduling something more â€Å"important†? In fact, I think my unexpectedly empty time meant that I had gotten enough done and was sufficiently on top of my schedule that I felt unpressured to fill that time with productive activities. A success, not a failure! Yet my inner voice was saying, â€Å"Brenda, you’re bored. You had better do something to occupy your brain.† I considered my options. Should I watch my Netflix video, The Blind Side? Or find something on my business task list to tackle on this Saturday night? Surely there must be something for me to write or edit! I let the wheels in my brain spin for a while. And, after a few minutes of â€Å"boredom,† I settled on a new idea: a blog article about this very topic. I wondered if other people had identified boredom as a positive emotion or event, and if so, what factors were at work in our bored brains? The Value of Boredom Not long ago, I heard someone complain of being bored and explained to him that I celebrate boredom despite the discomfort it may entail. I see boredom as an opportunity to rest my brain- an empty place that is necessary for the spark of creativity to take hold. I discovered quite a bit of interesting material that supported my opinion. First was a TED talk by Genevieve Bell. Ms. Bell explained that the experience of boredom is a moment when, neurochemically, the brain lights up. The bored brain is almost as active as the engaged brain! Boredom is an opportunity for the brain to reset itself, and this reset is apparently a very active process. Ms. Bell also referenced Heidegger, who argued in 1929 that being bored is a fundamental state of being human- and that we should spend less time putting it at bay and more time embracing it. The Quest for Boredom Nowadays, it’s hard to be bored. A text message or facebook update awaits us at every moment. If we don’t like one thing, we move on to the next. We are more likely to be overloaded than bored. For me, this overload shows up as the inability during most months to find time to watch the Netflix video sitting on my desk. Yet those times of disconnection, when the brain gets a rest, are often the most pleasurable times in life. As Peter Bregman stated in his Harvard Business School blog article, Why I Returned My iPad: Being bored is a precious thing, a state of mind we should pursue. Once boredom sets in, our minds begin to wander, looking for something exciting, something interesting to land on. And that’s where creativity arises. My best ideas come to me when I am  unproductive. When I am running but not listening to my iPod. When I am sitting, doing nothing, waiting for someone. When I am lying in bed as my mind wanders before falling to sleep. These â€Å"wasted† moments, moments not filled with anything in particular, are vital. They are the moments in which we, often unconsciously, organize our minds, make sense of our lives, and connect the dots. They’re the moments in which we talk to ourselves. And listen. To lose those moments, to replace them with tasks and efficiency, is a mistake. What’s worse is that we don’t just lose them. We actively throw them away. An Astonishing Feat!! Finally, I discovered a June 13, 2011   â€Å"On Point† episode with Tom Ashbrook, featuring guest Peter Toohey who wrote an entire book about boredom (Boredom: A Lively History). Callers largely agreed that boredom is the key to creativity. And neuroscientist Jonah Lehrer jumped on to share that boredom is the precursor to daydreaming, an â€Å"astonishing mental feat† wherein, he confirmed, just as much brain activity occurs as when we are focused on something. I suppose the daydreaming phenomenon occurs whether boredom comes from having â€Å"nothing† to do or from disinterest in whatever we are doing. From my cursory research, I found that there is a clear connection between boredom and the birth of new ideas. Reportedly, many of the best ideas arise when we can untether ourselves from the constant stream of information that bombards us in every minute. I’m glad I chose not to put that DVD in my computer. It’s still there when I want it, and I found a friend who asked to watch it with me. In the end, by allowing boredom to set in for just a few short minutes, I created a fascinating, brain-lit-up Saturday evening.

O'Brien and Szeman Critical Insight Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

O'Brien and Szeman Critical Insight - Essay Example O’Brien and Szeman The concepts of O’Brien and Szeman show that there is a direct correlation between cultural expressions and the new possibilities within contemporary art. This begins with the understanding of techniques that are used with art and how this is beginning to transform. The first concept is related to ideas of language. In popular culture, this is beginning to transform, break down and alter into new expressions and ideologies. The approach taken is one which is defined specifically by new expressions that are combining disciplines. The idea of language is one which begins to move into concepts of how language can be expressed in visual arts, multimedia, dance and other concepts. Integrating this into artistic forms and developing a sense of hybridity allows individuals and the languages to move forward with specific concepts and to create a sense of understanding that moves outside of the traditional ideas of language and into something that is understoo d within popular culture. O’Brien and Szeman continue this concept with the ideas of signs, representation and discourse. The ideas of hybridity and ways in which these theories turn into new expressions lead into different areas of exploration. ... Instead of creating a representation that is based on a medium, the medium becomes a tool that is used with the representation or discourse that is being expressed. With this concept, one is able to combine different types of artistic works to move a step further with the representations that are being created. Critical Insight The concepts which are associated with O’Brien and Szeman are one of the leading changes that are occurring within the arts create questions based on how the popular culture and contemporary art turn into hybrid and interdisciplinary approaches. The concepts of hybridity that come from the main tools recognized by the two authors are only one of the components that are a part of creating interdisciplinary approaches to art. This is further transformed with ideas and representations which are based on exploration. The idea of exploration with the mediums and the arts as well as popular culture, is one of the defining points of art work. Without this, art ists wouldn’t be able to create and express what is needed. The tools discussed then become a way to experiment and interchange the ideas of discourse, signs or language used with the techniques that are related to O’Brien and Szeman. The main concept which is associated with the theories is one which is based on ideas of expression and creation. The most important challenge that is created is one that is based on how art can move forward in both terms of experimentation and in popular culture. Using techniques, such as certain mediums, as well as combining this with different concepts of practices, is one that is now becoming secondary. The question which is being

THE GLOBAL TOURISM INDUSTRY Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

THE GLOBAL TOURISM INDUSTRY - Term Paper Example Not only has transportation advanced but also the capacity of many people to buy cars due to more compensated holiday and passive income. This increase in consumers’ income was apparently a positive development for tourism. Moreover, the invention of the Internet and other computer technologies made the booking system easier (Sharpley 2006). For instance, the global distribution systems (GCDs) were recognised in the 1980s as a computer reservation technology (Singh 2008). However, this advances in technology depressed the traditional operations of the travel and tourism industry as well as the importance of human travel agents. The benefits of these developments to the industry are hence relative to one’s point of view. A general differentiation is usually made between the different specialisations of tour operators: first is mass-market or mainstream, and second is specialist or niche. Mass-market or mainstream tour operators, such as My Travel, TUI UK, First Choice, etc., are those that create a substantial fraction of their revenue by selling a popular product such as the 4S product (sex, sand, sea, and sun) to a broad market segment. On the other hand, niche or specialist tour operators serve a smaller market segment with frequently highly specialised products. In an effort to thrive in a highly competitive environment of tourism, tour operators, specifically small independent ones, are incessantly searching for niche markets to develop. From the point of view of the customer, with less leisure time and more severe stress, services offered by tour operators are important for maximising valuable time. Moreover, the operator gains better transactions from the producers by buying in bulk, which enables them to bid low prices for the whole produce and/or service, which are quite difficult to acquire by the individual customer. Due to these factors, price and time, the services of tour

The Minimum Wage Must be Raised :: Increase Minimum Wage Essays

"Raising the minimum wage will benefit about 28 million workers across the country. And it will help businesses, too - raising the wage will put more money in people's pockets, which they will pump back into the economy by spending it on goods and services in their communities." -- President Obama The minimum wage must be raised because the cost of living has gone up considerably. Education is essential if one wishes to work, and the cost of education has increased drastically in the past twenty years. Companies should be requied to pay workers what they deserve, and that is more than minimum wage is now. With our new technology and the technology in the future work is harder and more complicated. A minimum wage increase would raise the wages of many workers and increase benefits to those disadvantaged workers. Because the cost of living has sky rocketed, it has become almost impossible to raise a family on a minimum wage job. A person living on his or her own cannot survive on minimum wage job either. Their living expense would just be too much. The earnings of minimum wage workers are crucial to their families well being. Evidence from 2013 and 2014 minimum wage increase shows that an average minimum wage worker brings home more than half of his or her family's weekly earnings. In 2013 one million single mothers with children under 18 would have benefited from a minimum wage increase to $10.

Why Do Managers Plan?

Why do Managers Plan 1 Why do Managers Plan? Management 301 Distance Learning December 07, 2011 Why do Managers Plan 2 Why do Managers Plan? Strategic Planning This seems like a very cut and dry topic to discuss, but there is no single reason that a manager makes plans in the work environment. I will cover several areas in which managers use planning, and why it is an essential part of accomplishing tasks, and how it streamlines processes necessary for an organization to be successful. First, I will discuss strategic planning: strategic planning can also be referred to as â€Å"charting the course† for a business or organization. A central part of strategic management is performance measurement (Public Administration Review, December 2010). Unlike private sector business organizations, many government and public agencies have developed performance measurements without developing strategic plans. I think that this is primarily due to the infrastructure that is set in place in most government or public agencies, and the amount of red-tape that accompanies government ran agencies. Regarding the private sector, I believe that having a strategic plan to guide managers and leaders in the decision making process allows them to identify alternative steps or measures to take in the event that something in the business process changes that they have no direct control over. Managers who develop a strategic plan also are likely to recognize that the end result cannot be their only concern, but they identify milestones that must be met along the ay, or during the process to use as a measurement tool to determine if they are making positive progress or if they need to examine â€Å"glitches† that will delay or have a negative impact on the business process. One tool to measure performance is a â€Å"Balanced Scorecard†. It is grounded in the idea that the measurement Why do Managers Plan 3 of an organization’s performance ought to take into account the processes and resources needed to produce outcomes, as well as the outcomes themselves. In some ways, its emphasis on inputs and outputs is a step back in performance measurement, but that step is designed to help organizations fulfill the results promised. (Public Administration Review, December 2010). I believe that this is a vital step, if not the first step in planning that will help ensure a business or organization has a set path that will enhance their possibilities of success. Knowledge Management in Organizational Planning is the next area that I want to discuss. When people talk about managers making plans for operations or processes in a business or organization it is likely that they are referring to plans that include forecasts. This type of planning is appropriate if the future of or in the business environment is stable; however, this is not always the case with many businesses because they face business environments that are complex and unstable (Knowledge Management in Organizational Planning, January 1987). With this being the case in most business environments today, the leadership of these businesses continue to pursue planning and forecasting tools and technology that will help them when they are developing strategic and organizational plans. Knowledge management might also be referred to as Management Information Systems (MIS). This is a computer program or network that was developed for management and leadership members to use for the purposes of planning and may have examples of past planning events or projects that the current managers can use to aid them in the planning and decision making process. One significant advantage of this type of system is that it can provide historical data that allows good planning to be done from the beginning, and this might improve the probability of success of a project or production process Why do Managers Plan 4 based on the past lessons learned that are taken into consideration when developing the current plan. The MIS was developed to assist managers in gathering information, generating ideas and alternatives and also for analyzing this information and choosing from among the competing alternatives. This MIS is just another tool to emphasize why managers plan. Another area that planning is important for managers is multi-project planning and resource control. This area is also related to the area of enterprise resource planning (ERP). Both of these areas require the use of business planning tools to make the manager’s job of planning for needed materials and resources much easier to manage through the use of technology and computer programs. One of the most challenging aspects of a manager’s job is to ensure that he/she effectively manages projects or production processes without exhausting the organization’s limited resources (Multiproject Planning and Resource Controls, December 2006). When we talk of managers, I think it is important to realize that managers are in all industries including retail, production, manufacturing, and construction to name a few, and the one common link that they all share is planning. Planning is the bedrock or foundation that managers must establish as a starting point no matter the industry which they work. The important parts of planning that are related to multi-project and ERP management are identifying the resources needed to start and sustain work processes to eliminate loss time due to a shortage of resources, and how the ERP system works together with other internal business systems to enhance the planning of management. An example of this could be that the ERP system interfaces the maintenance projects that are being actively worked with the supply or requisitioning process to ensure that needed resources such as materials and tools are being ordered to meet the project or job requirements. The ERP system Why do Managers Plan 5 can be programmed to recognized or identify items needed based on job number or serial numbers related to specific aspects of the job that were identified during the initial planning phase of the job or project. The items that would be ordered due to this planning would be added to what is commonly referred to as a â€Å"pick-list†. This part of the ERP system is known as the interaction between structure and human action and is called the â€Å"duality of structure, which simply means (in this case) the interaction between the ERP system (usually managed by a materials manager), the ordering of resources (between materials manager and vendors), and communication between the project or production manager and the system (actual input into the system) (business benefits from ERP systems, Staehr, 2008). The ERP systems ability to identify this process in only possible due to the initial planning that was performed by the manager in charge of the projects or processes, and communicated and planned with the materials manager to ensure the system was interfaced to the processes. I have actually used an ERP system called SAP, and these types of systems require a lot of training and â€Å"hands on† work because they can be very complex to use. Another extremely important and relevant planning tool that managers can use is the Production Planning Model. This PPM might also be referred to as Material Requirement Planning (MRP). The MRP is a vital tool for managers who work as maintenance managers, production managers, or operations managers. Managers use the MRP to identify the amount of spare parts that need to be either â€Å"on hand† or quickly procured to ensure there is limited or no equipment down-time due to the lack of parts to make needed repairs for process equipment. It is important that managers who work in these types of environments are the not just the process manager, but the planning manager. I make the Why do Managers Plan 6 previous statement because the manager who develops the operational or process plans should use the equipments historical data to identify operational and down-time trends. They should also use Bills of Materials (BOMs) to identify parts that will be more likely to fail due to the amount of use, or are more susceptible to wear from continuous use in the operation or process. This topic is important to discuss because many plants or facilities might have the capability to manufacture parts in their own machine shops, and this can be a cost savings measure as well as a time saving measure. This is why it is important that the planning manager identify this as a possibility or a preference during the planning phase of the job to be performed. Using MRP helps manufactures and managers determine precisely when and how much material to purchase and process based on a time phased analysis of sales orders, production orders, current inventory, and forecasts (Production planning model, April 2009). MRP determines material requirements based on master production and planning schedules which are used in conjunction with one another to ensure an efficient work process. A primary reason that managers use the production planning model is to reduce the levels of parts or goods on hand. In other words, if proper planning is performed prior to starting the job or production process the manager will be able to determine the parts needed/required from start to completion of the process and save inventory costs by only having the required parts on hand with no excess. Once it is determined how much product will be produced it makes it much easier to determine the amount of parts or spare parts that will be needed. When managers are planning for a production run it is important for them to be aware of any future product orders that might follow closely after the production Why do Managers Plan 7 process or run that they are planning for, so they can consider having more spare parts on hand to aid the planning process of the following project or product run. Good communication among the management team is crucial to the overall success in the planning phase of all work processes. The advantage of using the MRP to assist in the planning stage of projects or production processes is that it allows the planning manager to use historical equipment data, and maintenance data to develop a trend analysis and determine the appropriate amount of parts required during a specific production process. In summary, I have used several different examples to emphasize and support why managers plan. I know that some of the examples that I used to illustrate my points might be broad, and even complex with regards to using ERP and MRP as tools to aid in planning, but I feel they were essential elements for me to use to stress that planning is often difficult and requires the use of technology to properly forecast outcomes etcetera. I have worked as a manager in charge of maintenance planning processes in a manufacturing environment, so I know from firsthand experience the importance of planning. I have used a management information system program (SAP Plant Maintenance Module) to integrate and implement plans and procedures, and it can be very time consuming and complex, but if we had not used a system such as this to help develop plans we would not have been able to effectively perform maintenance procedures and the company could have suffered catastrophic equipment failures. I know that we have probably all heard the old saying that â€Å"failing to plan is like planning to fail†, well in the case of â€Å"Why do Managers Plan? I would have to say that I agree with that old Why do Managers Plan 8 saying, and that managers plan to ensure their efforts are successful, and to ensure the success of the organization as a whole. Why do Managers Plan 9 References: Professional Article: Strategic Planning and Balanced Scorecards: Charting the Course to Policy Destination, Edward T. Jennings, Jr. , University of Kentucky. Public Administration Review, dated: December 2010. Professional Article: Knowledge Management in Organizational Planning, Lynda M. Applegate, Tsung Teng Chen, Benn R. Konsynski, and Jay F. Nunamaker, Jr. Twentieth Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Honolulu, Dated: January 6-9,1987 Multiproject Planning and Resource Controls for Facility Management, E. William East and Liang Y. Liu, dated: December 2006. Understanding the role of managerial agency in business benefits from ERP systems, Lorraine Staehr, La Trobe University, Dated: 2008. Production planning model with simultaneous production of spare parts, P. Cyplik, L. Hadas, and M. Fertsch, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland, Dated: April 2009.

The Crucible By Arthur Miller Essay - 1604 Words

Beginning in 1245 in France and peaking in the late 1670s, witch trials become one method by which to subdue and control social deviance--beggars, drunkards, outspoken women, and even the mad. Control was placed in the hands of the church, which began to wane the Enlightenment took hold. Yet, twenty years after the â€Å"zenith† of these trials, in 1692, witch trials found new life within a small Puritan community of Salem, Massachusetts (Cockerham 2014: 10-11). Scholars have returned again and again to this event, demanding that â€Å"Salem must be about something other than witches, demons, superstitious clergy, and hysterical children. Otherwise it simply does not make sense† (Rivett 2008: 495). So how do we begin to make sense of what seems to be a bizarre example of mass hysteria? Did these people simply go mad? I believe Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, holds the answers. In order to fully grasp the trials, first we must look to the broader social contex t of Salem. Using popular scholars of the time and the works of Weber and Durkheim, I will expose the social causes behind the deaths of these people, illustrated by Miller’s text. Then I will briefly explore the social context within which Miller himself was writing, exposing a pattern of paranoia and anxiety evolving out of isolation and individualism, a pattern which did not end in 1692. PURITAN CULTURE Predestination was the central tenet of Puritanism--the belief that â€Å"some men...are predestinated unto life, and othersShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1269 Words   |  6 PagesAt first glance, the playwright Arthur Miller in The Crucible highlights the historical significance of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, but in fact it is an allegorical expression of his perception of McCarthyism. If the reader has some background information on Arthur Miller’s victimization as a communist, it is evident that the play is a didactic vessel illustrating the flaws of the court system in the 1950’s. The communist allegations were launched at government employees, entertainers and writersRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1681 Words   |  7 Pagesof their way to the last dying breath to make sure they leave with a good or bad reputation. In one of the recent literature study in class â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, Miller uses characterization to illustrate reputation throughout the play. â€Å"The Crucible† takes place in Salem, Massachusetts. It is based upon the Salem witch trails. In â€Å"The Crucible†, we journey through the life of three characters who reputations plays a major role in the play. The three characters are John Proctor, AbigailRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1333 Words   |  6 PagesAs the various characters in The Crucible by Arthur Miller interact, the dominant theme of the consequences of women’s nonconformity begins to slide out from behind the curtains of the play. Such a theme reveals the gripping fear that inundated the Puritans during the seventeenth century. This fear led to the famous witch-hunts that primarily terrorized women who deviated from the Puritan vision of absolute obedience and orthodoxy. Arthur Miller presents his interpretation of the suffering by subtlyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller998 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivated by jealousy and spite. The Crucible is a four-act dramatic play production that was first performed on January 22, 1953. Arthur Miller used dialogue within the characters to cover the multiple themes; conflicts and resolutions, plus the few directions for the different actions of the play. The Salem Witch Trials were intended to be performed as the play however, when read, it can be more carefully examined and broken down to analyze the techniques. Miller, the playwright, uses literaryRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1145 Words   |  5 PagesUnbalance Through The Centuries In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, the author reflects the persecution of communists in America in the 1950’s through a recount of the Salem witch trials. It is often presumed that Miller based his drama directly off of events that were particularly prevalent in the years surrounding the publication of The Crucible- which was released in the year 1953, towards the conclusion of the Korean War. Although there was not a literal witch hunt occurring during this timeRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1063 Words   |  5 PagesIn the English dictionary, there are three definitions of the word crucible. One is a metal container in which metals are mixed and melted. Another is a severe test. But the third definition, and the one that I think fits the best for this book, is a place or situation in which different elements interact to create something new. In my mind, this fits because all of the characters had their little grudges and dirty secrets. But when all th ose seemingly little things interact, they formed somethingRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1285 Words   |  6 Pages Rationale, Morality, Stereotypes, Pressure, Self-Censorship, Unanimity, and Mindguards. Groupthink has also taken place in our history a a country. The play, The Crucible by Arthur Miller is about a the real-life Salem Witch Trials that happened in 1692 - 1693, in Salem, Massachusetts. Some symptoms of Groupthink found in the Crucible are Rationale, Pressure, and Self-Censorship. The Groupthink symptom, Rationale, is described as when victims of Groupthink ignore warnings: they also collectivelyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller811 Words   |  4 Pages While The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is only a four act play, it still resembles the format of a five act play. The five-act structure evolved from a three-act structure, which was made famous by Roman Aelius Donatus. Donatus came up with three types of plays: Protasis, Epitasis, and Catastrophe. The five-act structure helped to expand the three act structure, mainly made famous by Shakespeare through his many tragedies. Even though The Crucible contains only four acts, it still has the commonRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1052 Words   |  5 PagesBuddy Al-Aydi Ms.Healy English 9 CP 14th October 2014 The Crucible Essay The Crucible was a novel written by Arthur Miller in the 1950’s. It was written in a format of the play, portraying an allegory of the Salem Witch-Hunts led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. The book is known to have a inexplicable plot. This plot is advanced by multiple characters in the book in order to ensure that the reader maintains interest with the material that is being read. The farmer, John Proctor, would be theRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller841 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crucible is a chaotic play, throughout this American classic Arthur Miller takes the reader through multiple events of terror and insanity. While creating a great on-stage play, Arthur Miller portrays his life through the events, the characters, and plot of The Crucible. Using vivid imagery and comprehensible symbolism, Miller manipulates the real personalities of the characters and events in 1600 Salem, Massachusetts to create a symbolic autobiography. Throughout this play, the reader experie nces