Journal Article Research and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diary Article Research and Analysis - Essay Example Heneman (2002), states that for HR remuneration is the prime source that empowers organizations to draw in and hold gifts, in this manner the pay the board is a basic segment of human asset the board and of the whole association. The significance of compensable variables, for example, information required by position and aptitudes necessities, critical thinking and responsibility (Jones, Steffy and Bray, 1991) are directed by the mind boggling choices that officials should make so as to emphatically affect company’s enlistment and maintenance endeavors and to arrive at hierarchical objectives. In this manner, picking a remuneration methodology is one of the primary human asset choices made by any association. The advancement of such procedure is profoundly significant in light of the fact that it advances representative enlistment, maintenance, inspiration and great execution on account of the arrangement of contributions that an organization makes. Be that as it may, only one out of every odd association repays its representatives or utilizations pay deliberately. While wages and advantages strategies are utilized without strategical expectations, pay rather are meant to improve assurance, decrease em ployees’ turnover and help accomplish focuses inside a foundation (Das and Baruah, 2013). In any case, as expressed by Hong, Hao, Kumar, Ramendran and Kadiresan (2012), remuneration isn't one of the primary factors that sway the employees’ turnover notwithstanding being a basic factor in diminishing administrative turnover. While deciding the compensable components, the designers ought to consider such arrangement decisions as inner arrangement, outer seriousness, worker commitments and the administration of the compensation framework. As inner arrangement manages the compensation connections inside the association, it directs the degree of aptitudes and information that are required, along these lines the remuneration and advantages programs are conceded for the extraordinary arrangement of such abilities. As organizations are confronting extreme seriousness, they should offer candidates such pay bundles that

Top 10 LinkedIn Overused Buzzwords 2012

Top 10 LinkedIn Overused Buzzwords 2012 It’s that season again†¦ the â€Å"Lists† season! The first I’d like to impart to you is the rundown of abused proficient popular expressions from LinkedIn. These words give a pleasant look into what words you may be abusing on your resume also. The most abused words shift by nation; as per LinkedIn, the Swiss brag principally about being â€Å"analytical† while India’s locals advocate for themselves as â€Å"effective† (similarly as they did a year ago); Spaniards guarantee they are â€Å"specialized† while Brazilians pronounce they are â€Å"experimental.† Looking for â€Å"motivated† experts? Attempt Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, United Arab Emirates and the U.K. In the United States, the Top 10 Overused Buzzwords in LinkedIn Profiles are as per the following: 1. Imaginative 2. Hierarchical 3. Compelling (no change from a year ago!) 4. Inspired 5. Broad Experience (the #1 abused popular expression in 2010 and an expression that sets me anxious!) 6. Reputation 7. Creative 8. Mindful (showing up without precedent for LinkedIn’s top 10 rundown) 9. Investigative (likewise recorded just because) 10. Critical thinking The two words that got knocked off the rundown are â€Å"dynamic† and â€Å"communication skills.† Perhaps individuals got the point that such a large number of individuals were professing to be dynamic, and that relational abilities are most suitably shown through genuine correspondence. What might it take for you to scour your LinkedIn profile clean of abused and exaggerated trendy expressions? I gave explicit recommendations to the main three (imaginative, hierarchical and successful) in my 2011 article on most abused LinkedIn popular expressions. Some of the time you truly should be â€Å"creative† to prevail with regards to introducing yourself in an extraordinary manner. The Essay Expert’s scholars can work with you to compose a profile that stands apart from the remainder of the world’s. For subtleties on our administrations see LinkedIn Profile Writing Services. You can likewise get in touch with us through our Web Form. We anticipate giving you that additional edge on LinkedIn! Category:Archived ArticlesBy Brenda BernsteinDecember 10, 2012

What is Tuberculosis

What is Tuberculosis Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that has existed throughout history, going by names such as white plague and phthisis.Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacteria that gets into our bodies through the lungs.Despite commendable medical advancement in diagnosis and treatment, Tuberculosis remains one of the top 10 killer diseases in the world. In 2017, there were over 10 million recorded cases of TB, with 1.6 million people dying from the disease in the same year, according to data from the World Health Organization.Tuberculosis affects both adults and children, with adults being the most likely affected.One in three persons, or about 2 billion people in the world are confirmed to be infected with Tuberculosis bacteria.Out of these 2 billion people, 5-15% have a lifetime risk of falling ill with Tuberculosis disease.Although tuberculosis is present in every country, people from low income areas especially in the developing countries are more susceptible to the disease.This is due to the poor living conditions, crowded housing, poor health and poverty.The highest number of infections usually occur in the western pacific regions and south Asia, accounting for about 62% of new cases followed by Africa, which accounts for about 25% of new cases.People living with HIV are highly vulnerable and are 20-30 times more likely to be infected with the active tuberculosis owing to their weakened immune system.People with other conditions that impair the immune system are also at a high risk of being infected with active TB.These conditions can range from addiction to substances like alcohol and cigarettes to diseases like diabetes mellitus, silicosis and chronic lung disease.Medications such as corticosteroids and infliximab have also been reported to increase the risk of getting infected with TB, especially in developing countries.As I mentioned in the beginning, there has been commendable medical advancement in diagnosis and treatment of TB, but more needs to be done to combat the disease.The World Health Organization has set a target of reducing the TB incidence rate by 90% and the number of TB-related deaths by 95% by the year 2035, as outlined in its ‘End TB Strategy’WHAT CAUSES TUBERCULOSIS? TB is an airborne infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).TB can affect any part of the body but it most commonly affects the lungs.The bacteria that causes TB is released into the air through tiny droplets whenever an infected person coughs, spits, shouts, or sneezes.Infection occurs when someone inhales these droplets.The bacteria passes through the mouth or nasal cavities to the respiratory tract and finally to the alveoli of the lungs.Once in the alveoli, they start replicating.It takes about six weeks for a small infection to appear which rarely gives any symptoms.This is what is referred to as the primary infection.Afterwards, the bacteria is   carried by the lymphatic system from the lungs which is the primary s ite of infection, lymph nodes, kidneys, epiphyses of the long bones, and other areas of the body.If one has a healthy immune system, the infection will remain dormant up until when the immune system becomes compromised.If one has a weak Immune system the infection will progress into an active TB disease.There are a number of risk factors that makes people more susceptible to TB.Number one on the list is HIV. HIV weakens the immune system, giving an opportunity for the TB bacteria to multiply in the body. About 300,000 people died as a result of HIV-associated TB in 2017.Living in overcrowded areas also puts one at a higher risk of being infected with TB. This is due to the congestion and poor aeration.Malnutrition is another risk factor.People suffering from malnutrition have low immunity and are therefore susceptible to contracting tuberculosis because their immune systems cannot fight the TB bacteria.Other factors that increase the risk of contracting TB include substance abuse, p re-existence of diseases such as chronic lung disease, cancer, severe kidney disease and diabetes mellitus.Babies and young children are also at high risk of contracting TB as their immune systems are weak and have not fully matured.SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF TUBERCULOSISThere are two kinds of TB; Latent TB and Active TB. With Latent TB, the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains in an inactive state in the body.It does not cause any symptoms, and the infected person will not even know that they are infected.However, if the person is tested for TB, the test results will show that the person is infected. TB is not transmittable in this state but can become active whenever the immune system is compromised.Active TB, on the other hand, means that one has the disease (TB) and is able to spread it to other people.It might occurs in the first few weeks after being infected with the bacteria or it can occur years later.TB can affect other parts of the body as well and when it occurs outsid e the lungs (extra pulmonary). In this case, the signs and symptoms vary depending on the affected part.However, TB commonly occurs in the lungs (pulmonary).The main symptoms of pulmonary TB are;A persistent cough that lasts for more than three weeks or moreCoughing up blood or sputum.Other signs and symptoms associated with pulmonary TB include;Pain in the chest or pain with breathing or coughingUnintentional Weight lossConsistent FeversNight sweatsLoss of appetiteWeakness and fatigueChillsDifficulty in breathingRales (abnormal lung sounds during breathing)In 15-20% of all active TB cases, the infection occurs outside the lungs causing other kinds of TB collectively known as extra pulmonary Tuberculosis.Extra pulmonary TB mainly occurs when those with latent TB develop a weaker immune system and the inactive TB becomes active.Children also can develop extra pulmonary TB.The most common forms of extra pulmonary TB include;Pleural TB â€" it affects the thin skin surrounding the lungs referred to as the pleural membrane.TB of the central nervous system â€" it affects the brain and the spinal cord. When the TB bacteria affects both the brain and the spinal cord, it causes TB meningitis. Patients experience drowsiness, have deferred reactions, have difficulty moving their limbs, speaking or focusing their eyes.TB of the bones and joints â€" it affects the bones and joints. It causes pain and swelling in the affected area. Most people suffering from this kind of TB usually relate it to accident or injury and never to TB.TB in the lymph nodes it affects the mostly the lymph nodes in the neck and clavicles, which then swell and infect the surrounding skin.Abdominal TB it affects the abdominal cavity which contains organs like the liver, spleen and the bowels.Genitourinary TB it affects the kidneys, bladder and the urinary tract.Normally when a person develops active TB, the common symptoms (cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss etc.) may be mild for many months.Thi s can cause the infected person to delay in seeking medical care which in turn results in the transmission of the bacteria to others.People suffering from TB can infect up to 10-15 other people through close contact over the course of a year. Without proper treatment up to two thirds of people suffering from TB will die.It is therefore important to seek medical advice if you notice any of the symptoms mentioned above.DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSISSkin TestIf a patient shows any of the symptoms associated with TB, doctors will carry out some tests to confirm whether the person is infected. The most common diagnosis of TB is through a skin test.While this test is used to find out whether TB is present in one’s body or not, it should not be used as the only means of diagnosis as interpreting a positive or negative skin test can be difficult.The test is usually done to diagnose latent TB. A small extract of the TB bacterium known as PPD tuberculin is injected into the skin just below the i nside forearm.The injection site is then checked after 2-3 days, and, if a hard, red bump has swollen up to a specific size, then it is likely that TB is present.Skin testing for TB among infants is done during regular checkups. Infants are usually screened at one year, while children are screened at the age of five.Diagnosis Through Chest X-RayA chest x-ray may be conducted to view the status of a patient’s lungs.If the person has active TB, the x-ray results will show damaged lungs.The x-ray results together with pulmonary symptoms presented by the patient can be used to make a diagnosis.Unfortunately, other medical conditions such as lung cancer mimic symptoms similar to TB and the x-ray result may also show damaged lungs.Other tests might therefore be required to ensure a correct diagnosis of TB. X-rays together with CT Scans can also be used to diagnose TB affecting the bones and the jointsDiagnosis Through Sputum TestsIn this test, a sputum sample is examined under a microsc ope for bacteria that causes TB.In some instances, the sputum may also be cultured to see if there are TB bacteria present.However, this it may take up to six to eight weeks for a sputum culture to yield definite results.In areas experiencing an outbreak of the disease, diagnosis can be done on the basis of a positive sputum smear alone.Any patient with symptoms indicating TB who has a positive sputum smear should be started on anti-TB therapy, even if a culture is going to be done.Diagnosing extra pulmonary TB can be difficult. Samples from the affected parts are drawn and tested for TB bacteria.In the case of TB meningitis, a medical doctor must perform a lumbar puncture â€" this requires inserting a needle into the back in order to access the fluid surrounding the spinal cord.This fluid is in turn used to check for TB bacteria. The same applies for Pleural TB. A sample of fluid is drawn from the space between the pleural layers using a needle.Diagnosing Multi-Drug Resistant TB (M DR-TB) can be very difficult and expensive.Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis occurs when the TB bacteria become resistant to both isoniazid and rifampicin, the 2 most powerful, first-line anti-TB drugs.MDR-TB is still curable, although it requires the use of second-line drugs.However, second-line drugs are usually expensive and toxic.The diagnosis of TB among children can also be very difficult especially in instances where a sputum is required, since they might have trouble producing sputum.TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSISTB is a treatable and curable disease.People suffering from TB are usually given anti-TB drugs which effectively help in fighting and killing the TB bacteria.Treatment of drug-sensitive TB is divided into a two-month intensive phase of treatment comprised of taking daily dosages of rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide (PZN) and ethambutol (EMB) followed by a four-month continuation phase consisting of rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH).95% people who are prop erly treated for TB get cured.The main reason why the remaining 5% do not get cured is because they did not take the medicines as prescribed and therefore risk the possibility of the TB becoming drug resistant.Drugs administered to TB patients are also supposed to stop them from spreading the disease.The patient is also usually advised to stay at home until the infection period is over.In some cases, hospitalization may also be recommended to prevent the spread of the TB bacteria at least until the infection period is over.This is normally two to four weeks after the commencement of treatment.It is strongly advised to continue with the treatment even when there are no symptoms as earlier on before treatment began.Failure to do so might result in the TB bacteria re-growing and becoming resistant to the drugs. When the treatment is over, after six months, the TB bacteria is said to be eliminated.Sometimes, treatment for TB may come with side effects and complications.Although anti-TB drugs are relatively safe, some may be toxic to some people.Complications include drug resistance by certain TB strains and relapse of the disease. Minor side effects which one should not worry about and can continue taking the drugs include;Rifampin can make one to become more sensitive to the sunRifampin can result in a brownish coloration in saliva, tears and urine. It may also result in a brownish stain on contact lenses.If one is taking rifampin and methadone (to treat drug addiction), the methadone dosage may need adjustment as one may experience withdrawal symptoms.Rifampin can also reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills and implants. It is advised to use other birth control methods while taking rifampin.In some cases, TB treatment may have adverse side effects, in which case you should immediately notify your doctor.Some of these symptoms include:VomitingNauseaLack of appetiteYellowish skin or eyesConsistent fever for three or more daysTingling fingers or toesSkin r ashEasy bleedingAbdominal painsTingling or numbness around the mouthAching jointsDizzinessBlurred visionRinging in the earsEasy bruisingPatients need to be closely monitored in case of severe adverse reactions to the medication.There are also patients who might skip their medication after initiation.To avoid this, it is highly recommended for the patient to have a support system to ensure they do not skip the medication, since this might lead to drug resistance.TB treatment typically lasts about six months, though longer treatment is suggested in cases of TB meningitis and TB affecting the bones and joints.Treatment of Drug Resistant TBResistance can be either mono-resistance or multi-resistance.With mono-resistance, the TB might be rifampicin-resistant or isoniazid-resistance.Multi-resistance is resistance of both Rifampicin and Isoniazid. People with Multi-Drug Resistant TB require advanced specialized treatment which is not as effective as the usual anti-TB drugs and most times c ause severe side effects.MDR-TB is more expensive to treat and cure than Drug-sensitive TB.The success rate of curing MDR-TB is very low. People infected with MDR-TB will most certainly infect others with the same strain of TB.Drug resistance is most common in people who:Do not take their medications as prescribed by the doctorDo not take their medicationDevelop TB again even after previously undergoing TB treatmentLive in areas with a high rate of Drug Resistant TB. These places include Haiti, South East Asia, Philippines and Latin AmericaDirectly Observed Treatment (DOTS)This is a strategy used by primary health services to detect and cure TB patients. DOTS combines five elements: microscopy services, drug supplies, monitoring systems, political commitment, and direct observation of treatment.The biggest challenge of curing TB patients is failure of the patient to complete treatment.With the DOTS system, the patient is closely monitored by a community worker who ensures that the p atient takes the medication as prescribed.The health system of that particular community is thus responsible for achieving a cure.With DOTS system, resources are first directed towards identifying those who are infected through sputum tests. The sputum usually test positive for persons with active TB.After identification, the health community workers counsel, observe and record patients taking the correct dosage for the duration stipulated in treatment of TB.In most cases, patients usually start to feel better after a few weeks of treatment and they may be tempted to stop taking their medication. The community health worker ensures that this does not happen.DOTS system produces success cure rates of up to 85 percent even in the poorest countries, and helps prevent new infections and the development of MDR-TB.The World Bank rates DOTS as one of the most cost-effective health interventions.Treatment of Tuberculosis Through SurgerySurgery is likely to be used in cases of extra pulmonar y TB.Here the surgery is done to obtain sample tissues for biopsies and also to relieve the patient of pain and complications brought about by the disease.PREVENTION OF TUBERCULOSISOwing to the high number of deaths that result from TB, preventive measures have been put in place to help eradicate this disease.TB prevention depends primarily on the vaccination of infants and the early detection and treatment of active cases.Many countries use Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) as part of their TB prevention program.BCG reduces the risk of getting infected by 20% in children and reduces the risk of developing active TB by almost 60%. It is the most widely used vaccination with 90% of children in the world being vaccinated.TB EducationWith knowledge comes great power. Educating people suffering from TB is a powerful instrument in combating the occurrence of TB.They should know how to take their drugs properly to reduce risks of developing drug resistant TB and also minimize the risk of sp reading it to other people.They also need to be educated on how not to spread it to other people. This includes cough etiquettes, covering ones mouth while sneezing, or wearing a mask in public places. They need to know when to seek treatment.The general public also needs to be educated on TB prevention to help prevent the stigmatization of TB patients.People should also be educated on ways to maintain and boost their immune systems to prevent dormant TB infection from becoming active.Other preventive measures include preventing people with latent TB from developing active TB, TB treatment as a preventive measure to reduce the risks of the TB bacteria from spreading, as well as avoiding living in overcrowded places without proper aeration.WRAPPING UPWhile TB is a preventable and curable disease, it can easily result in death if treatment is not started enough, or if the patient fails to follow the proper treatment guidelines.If you start experiencing any of the symptoms associated w ith TB, you should seek immediate medical attention to ensure that it is diagnosed early.If diagnosed with the disease, you should follow the doctor’s guidelines to the letter.Don’t stop taking the medication even when you start feeling better, since this might result in the bacteria becoming resistant to drugs and therefore harder to treat.

Operations Management of Ladbrokes Plc - 3988 Words

Introduction Ladbrokes plc is one of the leading bookmakers in the high street in UK. It was established in 1886. Currently Ladbrokes plc operating with over 2200 branches across the UK and also operates in Ireland, Belgium and Spain. In this assignment we are focusing on the operational activities of the Ladbrokes plc. Task 1 a) The role of operations management The operations management can be defined as the systematic processes which convert inputs in to finished goods or service by adding the value. The operations management is very important in modern days as the competitiveness among the businesses very high. Therefore most of the organizations do have a special functional unit for manage the operational activities of†¦show more content†¦* Create competitive pricing and trading management to improve product range and optimise margin. The betting industry in UK is dominated by few companies in the market. The competition among them is very high in order to gain new customers and to retain the existing customers. Therefore to implement best strategy to achieve their strategic objectives the company need to have knowledge of its environment. In order to analyse the business environment the following tools can be used. * SWOT Analysis * Porter’s five forces analysis SWOT Analysis of Ladbrokes plc This analysis will help to identify the internal environment against the external environment. The internal environment analysis identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the company and the external environment identifies the opportunities and threats to the company. According to the Ladbrokes plc internal environment analysis the following strengths and weaknesses can be highlighted. Strengths * Brand image * Advance technology * Low operational cost compared to its rivals as call center tasks allocated to some retail shops. * Use of the loyalty card * Quality of the customer service Weaknesses * High labour turnover. * Lack of modern gambling machine to attract new customers. * Limitations of offers available to the customers. The external environment of Ladbrokes plc highlighted the following opportunities andShow MoreRelatedWilliam Hill s Biggest Competitor1970 Words   |  8 Pageson the financial data, indicate that William Hill is a company worth investing for those who are conservative investor and who are able to take a risk in order to achieve higher return from investment. Introduction The chosen company William Hill PLC is one of the best known brand in the world. It was originally created by William Hill in 1934, and it has been playing an important role in the development of the UK’s market for gaming and betting services. During all these years, it has built anRead MoreSwot Analysis Report1228 Words   |  5 PagesSince 1994 Hilton acquired all of Bally Entertainment, making the largest gaming company in the world. In 1997 they founded an alliance with Ladbroke Group PLC in (now Hilton Group, owner of Hilton International and the rights to the Hilton name outside the US) to unify the Hilton brand worldwide. With a downturn in the gaming industry translating into sluggish results in Hilton’s gaming segment, the company spun off its gaming interests as Park Place Entertainment. In 1999 Hilton made a massiveRead MorePaddy Power Essay8261 Words   |  34 Pages.................................... 15 Online Marketing Group:....................................................................................................... 16 Online Operations: .................................................................................................................. 16 Operations .................................................................................................................................... 17 Licensed Betting Shops: ..................Read MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pageson the Companion Website. These are a selection of cases from recent editions of the book which remain relevant for teaching. The case studies are intended to serve as a basis for class discussion and not as an illustration of either good or bad management practice. They are not intended to be a comprehensive collection of teaching material. They have been chosen (or speciï ¬ cally written) to provide readers with a core of cases which, together, cover most of the main issues in the text. As such, they

Increased Rates of Teen Pregnancy among Minorities

Increased rates of teen pregnancy among minorities The incidence of teen births in the United States has reached a historic all time low throughout the last couple of years but teen girls are still giving birth to 1700 babies a week. However, minorities are still amongst the highest group of teenagers having children among the age group between 15 and 19 years of age. The highest ethnic groups were comprised of Hispanics and Non-Hispanic blacks making up 57% of all US teen births in 2011, according to a study done by the CDC in 2011. American Indians and Alaskan Natives had the third highest birth rates at about 36 births per 1000 females. The smallest occurrence of teen births per 1000 came from the Asian/Pacific Islander population. However, the continuously low population group with teen pregnancies involved White individuals so the question remains, why are most minority groups more likely to give birth within their teenage years? Research shows that about 80 percent of all the t eenagers between the age group of 15-17 had no formal sexual education before their first sexual experience. Regardless of their ethnicity, all students can be affected by the lack of sexual education at their respected school. Interestingly enough, President Obama has recently cut the budget for abstinence only sex education. However, this was done because current research indicates that abstinence only programs do not prevent or delay teen sex. Many teens say that their schools tend to useShow MoreRelatedAdverse Health Effects of Adolescent Pregnancy Essays1451 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescent pregnancy is a very important health issue worldwide. When adolescents who, are often physically and mentally unprepared to bear a child are become mothers it has astoundingly negative outcomes for the mother. Including bad personal outcomes adolescent mothers often give birth to children with increased health issues when compared to a healthy adult mothers. Because of the negative outcomes associated with adolescent pregnancy, the issue should be addressed worldwide. Adolescent mothersRead MoreTeenage Moms That Are Still In High School Get Pregnant1391 Words   |  6 Pagestheir child. There were just under a quarter million pregnancies in women ages fifteen to nineteen in 2014. About eighty-five percent of these pregnancies are unplanned, which in any population can increase the risk for problems. The biggest risk for teen mothers is delaying prenatal care or worse, about seven percent received no care at all. According to CDC, In 2014, almost 250,000 babies were born to women aged 15–19 years, for a birth rate of 24.2 per 1,000 women in this age group. This is anotherRead MoreThe Teenage Epidemic Of Texas756 Words   |  4 Pagesmovements: a 20-year period of high rates of pregnancy involving teenagers, and a more recent surge in limiting reproductive health care access through state legislative actions over the past 5 years. Texas has the third highest number of unplanned pregnancies in the United States. Most of these unintended pregnancies are greatly concentrated among unmarried teenagers from low socioeconomic areas. In 2014, there were 35,000 teen pregnancies in Texas for a rate of 73 per a thousand women ages 15-19Read MoreTeen Pregnancy Is Associated With Negative Consequences For Both Adolescents Essay1181 Words   |  5 Pages10/19/2015 Teen Pregnancy Teen pregnancy is associated with negative consequences for both adolescents, and, when pregnancy is carried to term, their children. The great majority of teen pregnancies (82 percent in 2006) are unintended. In 2006, approximately 37 percent of unintended pregnancies to teens ages 15-19 ended in abortion, and almost 60 percent ended in a live birth. Overall, as of 2010, 26 percent of teen pregnancies end in abortion. Even after accounting for the fact that teen mothers tendRead MoreThe Issue Of Sex Education1613 Words   |  7 Pagesargue why students in the United States need a more comprehensive sex education class in their curriculums in school for the following reasons: higher rates of pregnancy in teenagers, higher rates of contracting sexually transmitted diseases, and the negative aspects of the aftermath of teenage childbirth. My first area of discussion is teenage pregnancy due to inadequate sex education programs in school. We can safely assume there aren’t any human beings ages 12 to 17 in this world who are ready, mentallyRead More The Increase of Teenage Pregnancy Essay example1337 Words   |  6 PagesThe Increase of Teenage Pregnancy Teenage parenthood is by no means a new social phenomenon. Historically, women have tended to begin childbearing during their teens and early twenties. During the past two decades the U. S. teenage birthrate has actually declined (Polit and others, 1982). In the late 1950s, 90 out of 1000 women under 20 gave birth as compared with 52 out of 1000 in 1978. Several factors contribute to the current attention focused on teenage pregnancy and parenthood. ThereRead MoreLow Income Black And Hispanic Adolescent Females Essay1532 Words   |  7 Pagesunplanned pregnancy. Increased utilization of dual contraception is of great importance in these communities. Adolescent females in general are less likely to use dual forms of protection from STD’s and unplanned pregnancy. Young women, due to their anatomy tend to be more susceptible to STD’s than are young men. Black and Hispanic females are 4.9x and 2.1x, respectively, more likely to contract chlamydia (which is a common STD) than their white counterparts. When it comes to pregnancy 3 in 10 adolescentRead MoreThe Rates Of Teen Pregnancy Essay3072 Words   |  13 PagesINTRODUCTION Throughout the United States, rates of teen pregnancy are significantly high. In 2013, there were 26.5 births for every 1,000 adolescent females ages 15-19, or 273,105 babies born to females in this age group.1 Young, minority women between the ages of 15 and 24 appear to be at greater risk for becoming pregnant. Minority populations are also linked with low socioeconomic status, whether in terms of education or income, or both. Having low income and lower levels of education (the mostRead MoreThe Issue Of Teen Pregnancy1722 Words   |  7 Pagesbroken many barriers and achieved great accomplishments, there are still some deep rooted issues which continue to affect her in a most insidious manner. One of the issues that women face in the United States is teen pregnancy which is still an enormous problem that needs to be addressed. The rates are still higher than they were only a decade ago. Becoming a parent permanently and profoundly alters a teenager s life. Most of the girls forg et about their dreams of happy marriage, and become mothers atRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Rates And The United States3104 Words   |  13 PagesEven though teenage pregnancy rates have decreased in the U.S. in recent years, the rates are far behind European countries. Studies have shown that U.S. teenagers have (a) high rates of sexual intercourse at a younger age, (b) high rates of sex without contraceptives, (c) high rates of pregnancy, (d) and high number of multiple sex partners in comparison to European countries like Sweden, France, Netherland (Bell, 2009). One of the main reasons for high rates of teenage pregnancy in the U.S. is the

We Are Blessed to Have Trees Plants Free Essays

This poem is written by Ruskin Bond. In this poem the poet shares the thoughts of his grandmother who was of the opinion that the house that has trees around is blessed. For this purpose the poet planted a tree which is six months old and is growing fast. We will write a custom essay sample on We Are Blessed to Have Trees Plants or any similar topic only for you Order Now He believes that in six years time the tree would grow and give shade so that his house will also be blessed. I think the world and its inhabitants are blessed to have trees and plants. Trees are important, valuable and necessary to our very existence. It’s not too hard to believe that, without trees we humans would not exist on this beautiful planet. In fact, some claim can be made that our mother’s and father’s ancestors climbed trees – another debate for another site. Still, trees are essential to life as we know it and are the ground troops on an environmental frontline. Our existing forest and the trees we plant work in tandem to make a better world. Below are the reasons why trees are important for us. Trees Produce Oxygen Let’s face it; we could not exist as we do if there were no trees. A mature leafy tree produces as much oxygen in a season as 10 people inhale in a year. What many people don’t realize is the forest also acts as a giant filter that cleans the air we breathe. Trees Clean the Soil The term phytoremediation is a fancy word for the absorption of dangerous chemicals and other pollutants that have entered the soil. Trees can either store harmful pollutants or actually change the pollutant into less harmful forms. Trees filter sewage and farm chemicals, reduce the effects of animal wastes, clean roadside spills and clean water runoff into streams. Trees Control Noise Pollution Trees muffle urban noise almost as effectively as stone walls. Trees, planted at strategic points in a neighborhood or around your house, can abate major noises from freeways and airports. Trees Slow Storm Water Runoff Flash flooding can be dramatically reduced by a forest or by planting trees. One Colorado blue spruce, either planted or growing wild, can intercept more than 1000 gallons of water annually when fully grown. Underground water-holding aquifers are recharged with this slowing down of water runoff. Trees Are Carbon Sinks To produce its food, a tree absorbs and locks away carbon dioxide in the wood, roots and leaves. Carbon dioxide is a global warming suspect. A forest is a carbon storage area or a â€Å"sink† that can lock up as much carbon as it produces. This locking-up process â€Å"stores† carbon as wood and not as an available â€Å"greenhouse† gas. Trees Clean the Air Trees help cleanse the air by intercepting airborne particles, reducing heat, and absorbing such pollutants as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. Trees remove this air pollution by lowering air temperature, through respiration, and by retaining particulates. Trees Shade and Cool Shade resulting in cooling is what a tree is best known for. Shade from trees reduces the need for air conditioning in summer. In winter, trees break the force of winter winds, lowering heating costs. Studies have shown that parts of cities without cooling shade from trees can literally be â€Å"heat islands† with temperatures as much as 12 degrees Fahrenheit higher than surrounding areas. Trees Act as Windbreaks During windy and cold seasons, trees located on the windward side act as windbreaks. A windbreak can lower home heating bills up to 30% and have a significant effect on reducing snow drifts. A reduction in wind can also reduce the drying effect on soil and vegetation behind the windbreak and help keep precious topsoil in place. Trees Fight Soil Erosion Erosion control has always started with tree and grass planting projects. Tree roots bind the soil and their leaves break the force of wind and rain on soil. Trees fight soil erosion, conserve rainwater and reduce water runoff and sediment deposit after storms. How to cite We Are Blessed to Have Trees Plants, Essay examples

Marcel Duchamps invention of the readymade

Marcel Duchamp is a French artist born in the Haute-Normandie region of France in the year 1887. He is described as a both revolutionary and avante garde artist because of his invention of readymade art in 1915 and also because his works were often associated with Surrealist movements. Duchamp’s readymade art influenced the art movement during the post World War I period.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marcel Duchamp’s invention of ‘the readymade’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He invented challenged the conventional line of thinking that was used during art processes and the creation of art marketing by using subversive actions like when he called a urinal a fountain. In his invention of readymade art, Duchamp based his artwork on the belief that creative art was not made from the perspective of the artist but from the point of view of the spectator who has the ability to provide a link between the work and the external world (Masheck 1). Duchamp’s early works were mostly focused on post-impressionist styles where he experimented on classical techniques of art work and art processes. One of his first paintings that included post impressionism was the Coffee Mill painting which he drew in 1911. During the same year he also developed the Portrait of Chess Players which included his two brothers Raymond Duchamp and Jacques Villon where the art style was mostly Cubism because of the multiple perspectives of the two chess players and also because of the overlapping frames of the portrait. Other works produced by Duchamp that were heavily post impressionist art forms included the Nude Descending Staircase which he did in 1912, the Thicket which he produced in 1911, Young Man and Girl in Spring which he also produced in 1911 and Yvonne and Magdeleine Torn. All these paintings had a heavy influence of both Cubist and Favism styles of painting which were predomi nantly viewed as post impressionist styles (Masheck 3). Duchamp created readymade art objects in 1913 with his first invention being the Wheel of a Bicycle which was basically an inverted bicycle that was installed on a stool. The term readymade was not however coined until 1915 and it referred to prefabricated art forms and objects that were isolated from their functional purpose and settings where the objects were instead given an elevated status by the artist. Duchamp’s readymade art forms became a product of mass production as readymade art presented the message on its own without any form of mediation and assistance. Duchamp got his idea for readymade art from the clothing industry in New York that was mostly focused on the mass production of clothes that were unique and stylish (Gale 1).Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Duchamp’s vision for readymade art was mostly focuse d on producing art forms that had an aesthetic value as well as producing art objects that questioned the meaning of art itself. According to the Duchamp, the decision made by an artist to make readymade art should be governed by the artist’s indifference to the art form rather than the beauty of the object. The developments in both Futurism and Cubism greatly influenced Duchamp’s readymade works together with the poetry works of the great poet Guillame Apollinaire. His first readymade works included the Bottle Rack which he produced in 1914. The next readymade art form produced by Duchamp was done in 1915 which was the Prelude to a Broken Arm which was basically a snow shovel. His most recognisable readymade art object was the Fountain which was basically a urinal that had slight physical interventions like the pseudonym R. Mutt. The Fountain was described as the most influential piece of art work in the 20th century because of its boldness and provocativeness (Gale 2 ). The Fountain also revolutionised 20th century art work more than any other piece of work produced during the same period. Other readymade art forms produced by Duchamp included his 1920 reproduction of the Mona Lisa portrait by Leonardo da Vinci where he included a moustache and a beard in his reproduction. This led to his coining of the portrait as a rectified readymade piece of art work. In his inventions of readymade art forms, Duchamp continued to emphasize that the selection of readymade art should never be based on the perspective of the artist but on the artist’s reaction to visual indifferences that are presented in the art object (Mattick 124). Duchamp’s invention of readymade art reduced the dominance of paintings and sculptures during the 20th century where they became the most autonomous pieces of artistic art forms during the 1960s and 80s. Readymade art later revolutionised to become industrially produced art objects that achieved the status of art as a result of presentation and selection by the artists. Duchamp’s invention of readymade art was mostly based on designs of pieces of art that he viewed to be art by definition. His readymade art works were therefore based on designs that were made by others which meant that he was not the original designer of the art forms (Elger and Grosenick 80).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marcel Duchamp’s invention of ‘the readymade’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More His approach to producing readymade art was mostly focused on assuming that any art object can be equipped with physical attributes and characteristics that can be used to elevate the status of the art form. He believed that an art object was defined by its context which was then used to perceive the various environments in which the art object would fit in. Duchamp’s pioneering work on readymade art helped to shape the work of contemporary artists such as Jeff Koons, Damien Hirst, Joseph Cornell, Tony Cragg and Robert Rauschenberg and Michael Martin. Contemporary artists such as Robert Rauschenberg and Damien Hirst utilised Duchamp’s preference for artistic ideas rather than visual effects in their works during the 1950s. Rauschenberg went on to produce art work that was focused on non-traditional materials which gave rise to Combines abstract expressionism. Some of his most common art forms included the canyon which he produced in 1959 and the Riding Bikes sculpture which he made in 1998 (Bossy et al 154). Damien Hirst on the other hand focused on the use of dead animals that were preserved to create artistic sculptures such as the Golden Calf, which was a cow that had its horns and hooves emersed in 18-carat gold and the Physical Impossibility of Death which involved a sculpture of a tiger shark that was preserved in formaldehyde. During the 1970s and 1980s, readymade art featured heavily in c onceptual art works as well as Arte Povera art forms. Contemporary artists who incorporated Duchamp’s readymade art perspective in their work during this time included Tony Cragg and Joseph Cornell. Tony Cragg incorporated the use of discarded construction materials and other siposed materials to create sculptures such as the Britian Seen from the North and Terris Novalis which he created in 1981. The 1980s marked the emergence of commodity art sculptures where mass produced art forms were placed in galleries and presented as sculptures. One of the artists who created commodity art sculptures during the 80s included Jeff Koons who is an American artist well known for his reproduction of banal objects. Koons produced the Two Ball 50/50 tank commodity sculpture in 1985 also known as the Equilibrium Series. The sculpture which had an influence from the work of Damien Hirst was made of two basketballs that were floating in a distilled water tank and it demonstrated the readymade aspect of commodity art sculptures. His other sculptured art forms included the Statuary which was composed of a large stainless steel blow-up of various toys and the Banality Series that was made up of a series of three life-size statues of Michael Jackson and his pet chimpanzee, Bubbles that were plated with gold (Bossy et al vi)Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Joseph Cornell was another contemporary artist in the 70s who incorporated Duchamp’s readymade art in his art sculptures. Cornell is well known for his artistic forms that incorporated aspects of assemblage and collage where he created art forms from found objects. These found objects were usually boxes that he used to assemble several collections of photographs in both a surrealist and constructive way. An example of his assembled art work is the Medici Slot Machine that had an interactive design to it which was meant to encourage the audience to handle the sculpture. His other assembled art forms that borrowed from Duchamp’s readymade art included the Soap Bubble Sets, the Space Object Boxes and the Pink Palace Series (Bossy et al vi). Another contemporary artist who still utilises Marcel Duchamp’s readymade artistic inventions and techniques is Michael Craig-Martin. He involved detached conceptualism in his sculptures that were made of commonly used household objects and other materials to create artistic art structures that were based on multimedia objects. In the year 1970, he came up with one of his most famous works that incorporated the use of four buckets made of metal that had been suspended on a table. This sculpture demonstrated the effect that conceptualism and minimalism had on Martin which later saw him producing another sculpture in 1973 known as An Oak Tree. This sculpture was made up of an ordinary glass of water that was placed on a plain shelf to demonstrate his superiority over the object in the sculpture itself. This line of thinking led to the development and formation of conceptual art that would revolutionise commodity art sculptures in the 20th century (Bossy et al vi). Duchamp’s readymade inventions and art forms paved the way for many of the above mentioned contemporary artists and other modern artists who involved the use of various objects both animate and inanimate. His readymade art has advanced the g eneral view of artistic objects by changing the process of how art forms and objects are created. Duchamp shaped the creation of artistic forms by exposing the nominalist character of pictorial events that led to Dadaism or Dada works which was a major movement that helped to form the artistic expressions of various contemporary and modern artists. Duchamp’s readymade inventions also helped to shape the avante garde artistic movement in the 19th century which was mostly concerned with expressing the view of the object rather than the view of the artist. Works Cited Bossy, Michael-Andre, Thomas, Brothers and John, McEnroe. Lives and legacies: an  encyclopedia of people who changed the world. Westport, Connecticut: The Oryx Press, 2001. Print. Elger, Dietmar and Grosenick, Uta. Dadaism. Berlin, Germany: Taschen, 2004. Print Gale, Matthew. Readymade. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2009. Print. Masheck, Joseph. Marcel Duchamp in perspective. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da C apo Press, 2002. Print. Mattick, Paul. Art in its time: theories and practices of modern aesthetics. London: Routledge, 2003. Print. This essay on Marcel Duchamp’s invention of ‘the readymade’ was written and submitted by user Amanda Mcgee to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.